The One Thing to Do for Prohibition: Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples

The One Thing to Do for Prohibition: Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples Leadership is a method of motivating and influencing a group of people to accomplish common objectives. There are sure biases that include our evolutionary history though. So, you ought to do some studying to get enough factual evidence to strengthen your arguments. Cultural practices and societal norms changed. A massive proportion of students are not able to write superior research papers. A teacher's portfolio can contain an assortment of unique parts of evidence which work to demonstrate their ability for a teacher. To begin with, students find it difficult to write superior research papers due to the fact that they do not have sufficient time. For instance, the students are expected to use primary resources and secondary resources. Prohibition : Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples - What Is It? Totally free Changed America essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no paym ent or registration. Time to learn in order to be adult, learn to make money!! The overall market for historical bottles in the united states is, thus, immeasurable, but it's quite large. Totally free Chesapeake Bay essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Formatting is among the biggest problems nearly all students have to face when they're working on an academic writing task. Students should use many sources when writing research papers. Furthermore, the students don't know the right writing styles to use while writing their research papers. Thus, take a look at essay samples and get to understand what your academic paper should look like. If you've had some negative evaluations, you don't have to include them. If you're clueless as to the way to begin an essay or whether you need suggestions regarding topics, our sample essay education can be of some assistance to you. There are a lot of varieties of essays, it isn't difficult to drop an eye on all your writing assignments. Prohibition : Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone Alcohol and drug usage contributes to family troubles, crimes, and negative effect on the mind. Unfortunately people believe that prohibition of drugs is the exact mistake that was made several years back. When it has to do with health, prevention and precaution are more affordable than the treatment afterwards. Hence a new version of illegal character of alcohol was created. Most people wouldn't have bothered. So long as you stick to the steps above, you'v e legally changed your name free of charge. Usually, one of the greatest ways for a man to comprehend and comprehend new information is to check through the examples of the already completed work. Folks use Lawyer's to change names for a variety of reasons, they could be receiving married or divorced, adopting a kid, Changing religion or even just since they don't like their present name. Where to Find Prohibition : Why Did America Change Its Mind Essay Samples There are additional myths which claim that President Joe Kennedy never drank alcohol, just as Franklin Roosevelt wasn't fantastic as a youthful senator. One of the principal explanations for why Prohibition was repealed was the financial state of the USA on account of the significant financial blow and the Great Depression. Americans get a small tangible victory and claim racism is over. To conclude, to be American isn't as straightforward as being born in america. Last, climate change is creating a gain in desertifi cation. It has the potential to drastically impact the future of the human race, and is intrinsically linked to the water supply across the world. It is one of the most important global issues facing the world today. It will play a major role in animal health. The gain in global temperature will ensure it is extremely hard for farmers to grow crops to feed their loved ones and serve as their main source of revenue. The people of third world countries are also vulnerable as they are unable to get any aid from their very own government or from different countries because it's much too expensive to deliver the medication they require. Among the most prevalent issues in our world today is the matter of deforestation. Rather than killing the cheater, the issue needs to be dealt with.

Merry-Go-Round by Langston Hughes - 512 Words

â€Å"Merry-Go-Round† is a poem about a little colored child that goes to the carnival. The child wants to ride the merry-go-round, but has a problem finding the back. From where the child comes from, Jim Crow laws segregate the blacks from the whites. This poem has a lot of depth and meaning, although it sounds very simple. It also tells us the mindset of most blacks in the South in the days of segregation. I chose this poem because the boy’s innocence was touching and its deep meaning was very powerful. In the beginning, the child asks, â€Å"Where is the Jim Crow section on this merry-go-round, mister, cause I want to ride?† in lines 1-3. Jim Crow laws are laws that segregate the blacks from the whites, so you can infer that the Jim Crow section is solely for the blacks. If you go to a carnival right now, colored children won’t be asking for the direction to the Jim Crow section. This points out that in the old days, blacks had to sit in different secti ons than the whites. The child then continues to say, â€Å"Down South where I come from white and colored can’t sit side by side.† In lines 4-6. As I said above, blacks had to sit in separate sections away from the whites down in the South. In addition, this tells you how sever racism was in the South because even a child knows that blacks and whites were supposed to be segregated. The child continues on and says, â€Å"Down South on the train there’s a Jim Crow car. On the bus we’re put in the back, but there ain’t no back to aShow MoreRelatedThe Poem Merry Go Round By Langston Hughes1357 Words   |  6 PagesAround and Around In the poem, Merry-Go-Round by Langston Hughes, the first line exhbits a child asking the question, â€Å"Where is the Jim Crow section?† ( Hughes, 1). This line refers to the Jim Crow of the South that was established during the late 1800s to the 1960s. After the Civil War, freed slaves were given opportunities to become real class citizens. Many White Southerners did not like the fact that freed slaves were given the same rights as them and were using the same facilities, too. TheRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Langston Hughes Merry Go Round1789 Words   |  8 Pages A Critical Analysis of Langston Hughes’ â€Å"Merry-Go-Round† â€Å"Where Is The Jim Crow Section† Langston Hughes (1942) A little boy, accompanied by his mother, holds a ticket as he looks excitedly at a county fair’s carnival ride. As they get closer to the merry-go-round, he anticipates all the fun he will have, but then a puzzled look crosses his face.â€Å"Merry-Go-Round† by Langston Hughes criticizes the Jim Crow laws in the U.S. The justice system of Jim Crow were state and local lawsRead MoreThe Black Man and Langston Hughes1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough heritage, tradition, and folk traditions. Langston Hughes to me has been nourishing the black sensibility and inspiring it to create Afro American literation and transforming it into a â€Å"literature of struggle.† The poetry of Langston Hughes has the theme of â€Å" I, too sing America† He made extraordinary contributions to American literature and has came to be regarded as a leading voice in the Renaissance of the arts in the 1920’s. Hughes growing up asked the same question to himself ofRead MoreIdentity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes2807 Words   |  12 PagesSearch for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes In exploring the problem of identity in Black literature we find no simple or definite explanation. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that it is rooted in the reality of the discriminatory social system in America with its historic origins in the institution of slavery. One can discern that this slavery system imposes a double burden on the Negro through severe social and economic inequalities and through the heavy psychological consequencesRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Civil Rights Movement837 Words   |  4 Pagessegregation. Jim Crow Laws defined times of racial segregation through isolation and unfair treatment. The first way the Jim Crow Laws defined times of racial segregation was through isolation. The human race today will never know what it was really like to go through times like this. Blacks were isolated from almost everything, especially sitting with whites, talking to whites, and going the same places as whites. For instance, in the Encyclopedia Britannica on the Jim Crow Laws it states, From the lateRead More Search for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes Essay2704 Words   |  11 PagesSearch for Identity in the Poetry of Langston Hughes In exploring the problem of identity in Black literature we find no simple or definite explanation. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that it is rooted in the reality of the discriminatory social system in America with its historic origins in the institution of slavery. One can discern that this slavery system imposes a double burden on the Negro through severe social and economic inequalities and through the heavy psychological consequencesRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesthen children’s literature is defined by audience in a way other literature tends not to be (Hunt 1999). Yet if we argue that a recognizable children’s literature requires a recognizable childhood, then children’s literature as a formal category would go back only as far as the eighteenth century when the concept of â€Å"childhood† was philosophically created. Childrens literature comprises those texts that have been written specifically for children and those texts that children have selected to read

Achievements & Publications Rita Gunther McGrat-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the biography of renowned strategic management scholar of America, Rita Gunther McGrath. Answer: Introduction: The case study report is prepared on the contributor named Rita Gunther McGrath who is a recognized expert on formulation of growth strategies and innovation by creating emphasis on corporate entrepreneurship. Rita McGrath is a strategic management scholar of America and teaches management at the Business school of Columbia [i]. She is highly valued for her rare ability connects business problems and research. It involves discussion on concepts and ideas presented by her that would help in influencing attitude, behavior and perception of people in their personal and professional lives. Ideas and concepts presented by Rita McGrath are evaluated in terms of likes and dislikes. The concepts and ideas of scholar are evaluated in terms of its contribution towards volatile changing environment. Discussion: List of major achievements and publications: Rita Gunther McGrath is an innovation, growth and strategy expert who is recognized globally. Senior executives and chief executive officer of organization are able to chart a pathway due to her innovative ideas and work in a rapidly volatile and changing environment. The four books published by McGrath are The End of Competitive Advantage, Discovery Driven Growth, Market busters and The Entrepreneurial Mindset. In year 2016, she has received an award at the Veinna Strategy Forum for Theory to Practice. Global management award Thinkers50 consistently recognizes Rita as one of the top ten management thinkers [ii]. In strategy category, Rita has received an award for her outstanding achievement. At the corporate events such as the World economic forum meeting in Davos, Innosight CEO Summit and Yale CEO Summit, she is a highly sought after speaker. For the recognition of the contribution of her impact on the field, she has also been inducted into the society of strategic management. Rit a is often cited in press such as Washington Post, New York Times, Wall Street times, NPR and Financial times marketplace and is a regular contributor to the journal of Wall Street [iii]. Some of the achievements of Rita MacGrath are listed below: Global management award thinker50 has awarded her with distinguished achievement award. Voted as one of the most influential international thinkers by HR magazines. Rita has been elected of fellow of International academy of management and Strategic management society. General business book and strategy business management has listed the book The End of Competitive Advantage as number one book [iv]. Fast company magazine has ranked her as one of the top twenty-five smartest women to follow on Twitter [v]. LDRLB has ranked Rita as one of the top professor of business school to be followed on twitter. Huffington Post has ranked Rita as one of the top hundred people to be followed on twitter. Reviewing of philosophical arguments presented by Rita McGrath: McGrath has proposed her thinking about decision-making models of traditional management in a different way in terms of revenues and cost. Her view regarding decision making in any aspect of business is that business is required to build up the income statements for supporting the costs while determining revenue requirements. In her book discovery driven growth, she presented the fact that new venture requires a different set of control and planning tools unlike ongoing and conventional business requirement. She created a plan for new venture and managers relying on such developed methods will be able to navigate the uncertainties of growth ventures confidently. Several factors determine the success of new venture such as change, politics and resistance to handle [vi]. Organizations having worst performing units are held back forever if they do not have the commitment and courage to gracefully handle disengagement. A major gap between real works and strategy of traditional approaches have unearthed due to dramatic change in business. McGrath that in light of rapidly changing business environment argues it, that business are required to go beyond the sustainable competitive advantage concept. The core argument presented in the most recent book The end of competitive advantage is that neither strategy practice nor theory has kept pace with the realities of barrier free and boundary less markets [vii]. It is required by organization to foster a new path of winning that will incorporate fast capturing of opportunities and decisively exploiting them and moving on before they are exhausted. Such path can be attained by basing new set of practices on transient competitive advantage notion. In her Market busters book that is an indispensible guide to realize profitable and sustainable growth, argues that the key to explore growth opportunities lies in the strategic moves of organization. The approach of market busters will help organization in up spending conventional competition and dramatically reconfiguring industrial profit streams. Market spaces of organization can be successfully transformed by the appointing market busting moves. In one of her newsletters about the media and entertainment business have upended their traditional competitive advantage due to major shift such as content rules, rise of fans, distracted and impatient users [viii]. This has enabled organizations to explore the insights of such change along with the opportunities it will bring to such business. Organizations innovating successfulness at scale is rare and a survey from McKinsey study reported than only 6% of companies were satisfied with their innovation efforts and others were not well acquainted with such efforts. The factors that are essential for sabotaging growth efforts on part of organization are the process of incubation, ideation and acceleration. In light of this particular topic, McGrath develops a diagnostic tool for assessing the innovation maturity scale of organization and where they stand currently and accordingly developing a roadmap for helping them to make improvement [ix]. It will help organizations in crating right incentives to promote innovation, structuring the process of innovation governance, three distinct roles of leadership that are essential for driving innovation and developing ways that would avoid interference of conventional business metrics with the process of innovation [x]. Such session of Rita McGrath will help organizations in creating common language for undertaking innovation. Evaluation of likes and dislikes about concepts and ideas being advocated: The talks of Rita are designed in such a way that it helps in energizing and aspiring participants to see the changes as opportunities instead as problems. Consultation of Rita McGrath with the running workshops, facilitated retreats and leading organization of world assists senior executives of organization in gaining a fresh perspective on current issues faced by organization. Ability of Rita to challenge assumptions of executives is highly valued and she helps in provoking fresh thinking. Workshops facilitated by Rita on several aspects of corporate entrepreneurships left participants with some learning outcomes having valuable frameworks and insights [xi]. It is perceived by the participants that work of McGrath is both valuable and relevant for helping companies operating in continuously evolving environment to innovate and anticipate. Her practical consulting experience when blended with deep understating of strategy helps in addressing growth factors of organization across ran ge of industries. McGrath knowledge about accelerating effectiveness of team using full industrial examples are valuable and palpable. Participants liked and acknowledged such knowledge, they take away several creative ideas along with them, and they incorporated into an upcoming corporate team building. The crucial role of innovative sherpas is pointed to the participants by contributing strongly to the executive program of companies [xii]. Now a day, leadership has forgotten their capability to develop a truly mature innovation and the contribution of Rita to the executive programs has helped in opening eyes of participants about their capability to develop mature innovation. All such take away of session helped executives in making sense of their own organization and leadership roles and their implications on the upcoming actions. The approach of discovering growth options for organization by McGrath are flexible, invaluable and pragmatic to the enterprises and fellows. Rita McGrath works extensively with leadership teams of 1000 global companies who seek to drive their growth by development of capability. Requirement of organizations to capture the opportunities for breaking through growth is provided by her thesis in the established organizations. Innovative ideas of McGrath are used throughout the world on widely basis by leading organizations [xiii]. Sometimes, her thinking is described as provocative but it is unfailingly stimulating. Audiences are encouraged for setting broad themes and embrace a new playbook for strategy that will encourage them to put forward their new ideas. Reflecting how concepts and ideas influence attitude and behavior in personal and professional life: The key note speeches of Rita is described as highlights for setting the foundation of discussion and her talks are customized according to specific interest of audiences that leaves attendees with actionable insights. Her discussion on topic such as learning to live with complexity helps attendees by providing them knowledge of differently managing complexities. It helps in them in creating difference between complications complexities and their management using methods such as learning from possible futures and making investment in resilience. Learning from such session will help people in changing their attitudes towards handling of complications in professional and personal lives. The concept of adaptive leadership requires leaders to be increasingly driven by discovery [xiv]. It is indicated that their mindset should be adaptive to new information and it is required to conduct a very frank discussion on reality and be very blunt. This particular concept of McGrath would leaders to open their minds to new information and apply the same in real life concepts. Moreover, works of McGrath can help students in breaking the complex ideas in several real life contexts. She has presented a method when outcomes are uncertain for structuring the phenomena that could be used for structuring disruptive innovation. Facts and innovative concepts presented by McGrath comes with huge implications for individual that helps in structuring their careers as well as jobs along with helping to work as person and employers. People and senior executives of organization are entrusted to incorporate the elements of always be changing. It will help them in continuously reconfiguring of the tasks performed in spite of indulging in huge change that involves downsizing and massive restructuring. People are able to improve their engagement capability and overcoming disengagement factors using their learned ability to stop ventures and activities that are not relevant. Transient advantage concept by Rita McGrath generates knowledge to people on professional front by teaching them to learn ways for undertaking strategic initiatives and accordingly exploiting and building transient advantage [xv]. Moreover, assumptions used by corporate performance will be rethought by the executives in a way that helps in promotin g consistent growth of company. Leaders are able to inculcate their abilities of radically changing the key metrics that can be a powerful engine for growth. Management personnel and executives of organization can become proactive if they are able to acknowledge the learning derived from several sessions and aligning the same with developmental objectives of business. People are able to manage their disengagement in a more effective way by using the framework that helps them in categorizing their capability into different dimensions such as value, future and event of decline [xvi]. The generation of capability of people to innovate provides a fresh perspective to organizations and providing sensible options and solutions to any particular problems faced in an organization. Conclusion: The above case study depicts information on the biography of strategic management scholar of America. She has received many awards for her achievements and has contributed in inculcation of innovative spirit among entrepreneurs. Her ability of present expertise with authenticity and warmth attracts equally powerful professional and audiences and satisfying networking created. Moreover, workings of McGrath are both valuable, relevant and help in generating valuable insights to the participants and audiences. Knowledge imparted by Rita has helped in bridging the gap between practice and theory and accordingly helps in strengthening competitive strategy of business. It has been ascertained from the secondary research sources that the ideas and concepts of Rita McGrath is useful to people on their professional and personal fronts. Learning outcomes generated from events and sessions on various topics would assist executives in generating the leadership skills and qualitative characterist ics for dealing with dynamic changes in the business environment. Bibliography: Day RD. Leading and managing people in the dynamic organization. Psychology Press; 2014 Apr 4. Hawkins D, Fryling T. Redefining transformation. People Strategy. 2017 Mar 22;40(2):46-52 Gottschalck N, Gnther C. Lost in Transformation: Strategy Formulation in a Digitized World. InThe Palgrave Handbook of Managing Continuous Business Transformation 2017 (pp. 67-93). Palgrave Macmillan, London Metcalf G. Complexity and Strategy. Systema: connecting matter, life, culture and technology. 2014 Dec 29;2(2):81-5. Schoemaker PJ. Strategic Approaches to Managing Uncertainty. Ingram P, Duggan WI. Improvisation in Management. The Oxford Handbook of Critical Improvisation Studies. 2016 Aug 22;1:385. Furr NR, Dyer J. The Innovator's Method: Bringing the Lean Startup Into Your Organization. Harvard Business Press; 2014. McGrath A, Courses C, Testimonials A, Advantage T, Growth D, Mindset T et al. About - Rita Gunther McGrath [Internet]. Rita Gunther McGrath. 2018 [cited 23 February 2018]. Available from: https://www.ritamcgrath.com/about/ McGrath RG, Boisot M. Strategic Insights From the Biological Analogy. Leading and Managing People in the Dynamic Organization. 2014 Apr 4:201. Peranginangin J. A Conceptual Mapping Resource Advantage Theory, Competitive Advantage Theory, and Transient Competitive Advantage. Expert Journal of Business and Management. 2015 Sep 10;3(2). Singleton LP. Successful Small Businesses and Their Owner-Managers. InUnited States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Conference Proceedings 2014 Jan 1 (p. 6). United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Phuong TH, Hieu TT. Predictors of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Undergraduate Students in Vietnam: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 2015;5(8):46-55. Jirgensons M. Educating the Future with Disruptive e-Learning Solutions. InCSEDU (3) 2014 Apr 1 (pp. 65-70). Strikwerda J. Strategy Execution: An integrative perspective and method for the knowledge-based economy. Leavy B. Strategy, organization and leadership in a new transient-advantage world. Strategy Leadership. 2014 Jul 15;42(4):3-13.

Origins And Bibliography Of The Big Bang Theory Essays -

Origins and Bibliography of the Big Bang Theory ORIGINS: Background & Bibliography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Assembled for the PHILOsophy Conference of: Computer Connection PO Box 382 BBS (609) 784-9404 Voorhees, NJ 08043 by T.A. Hare Nov. 13, 1985 Topic: Areas of interaction between philosophy, science, and?religion. Part I - Big Bang (Astronomy) Part II - Unified Field (Particle Physics) Part III - Evolution (Biology). Part IV - Theologic interaction - - - - Part II - Unified Field Theory of Particle Physics: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ And God said, "Let there be an expanse between the waters to separate water from water." (Gen. 1:6) And God said, "Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear." And it was so. (Gen. 1:9) - - - - Further reading: 1. John H. Schwartz, "Completing Einstein", SCIENCE 85, vol 6, pp 60-64, 1985. 2. Robert Palmer, "What's a Quark?", SCIENCE 85, VOL 6, pp 66-71, 1985 3. Bruce Schechter, "The Moment of Creation", DISCOVER, April 1983, pp 18-25. 4. Lawrence R. Sulak, "Waiting for the Proton to Decay", AMERICAN SCIENTIST, 70, 616-625, 1982. 5. Mary K. Gaillard, "Toward a Unified Picture of Elementary Particle Interactions", AMERICAN SCIENTIST 70, 506-514. - - - - The following background articles were downloaded from American Adacemic Encyclopedia via Dow Jones News Retrevial Service; Nov 12, 1985 UNIFIED FIELD THEORY Classical attempts at devising a unified field theory, principally those of Einstein, were concerned with the combination of gravitation (the general theory of RELATIVITY) and electromagnetism into the same theoretical framework. Electromagnetism is described by MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS for an antisymmetric tensor, whereas Einstein's theory of gravitation centers about a symmetric metric tensor; Einstein's idea was to combine both descriptions into a single, nonsymmetric tensor, thereby treating both subjects from an essentially geometric point of view. Other attempts to incorporate electromagnetism into the basically geometric formalism of general relativity were made by Hermann Weyl (1918) and more recently by John Wheeler; although some theories are more esthetic than others, all lack the connection with quantum phenomena that is so important for interactions other than gravitation. More-recent attempts at unification have been made from the quite different point of view of merging the quantum field theories that (are supposed to) describe the four FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS of gravity, electromagnetism, and the weak and the strong nuclear interactions. The most palatable unification so far has been given by Steven WEINBERG of Harvard University and independently by Abdus SALAM of Imperial College, London, joining electromagnetism and the weak interactions. In the simplest version of this type of unified gauge theory, forces are transmitted by the exchange of four different types of particles called bosons, which are assumed to be massless. By means of a "broken symmetry" an effective generation of masses occurs, so that the Weinberg-Salam theory envisages the weak interactions as being transmitted by massive "W" mesons, in which one meson, identified with the photon, remains massless, while the other three, identified with the quanta that transmit the weak interaction, are estimated to be quite heavy. Their rest-mass energies are on the order of 50 to 100 times the mass of the proton, and their observation should become possible with the next generation of high-energy accelerators. So far, the Weinberg-Salam theory has passed every unambiguous test to which it has been subjected. Weinberg and Salam shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for physics for their model. Many other unified theories, involving strong interaction and even gravitation, have recently been proposed. Such grand unification schemes to date have unavoidable and questionable consequences, such as the removal of the separate conservation of baryon and lepton number; they predict a proton could decay into a lepton plus pions--an improbable event that is actively being searched for at present. Recent grand unification schemes require the existence of magnetic MONOPOLES. These hypothetical particles, also called grand unification monopoles (GUMs), are thought to be very massive, with a mass ranging from 10 to the 16th power to 10 to the 19th power GeV. No experimental evidence of monopoles has yet been found. H. M. FRIED Bibliography Bergmann, Peter G., Introduction to the Theory of Relativity (1942; repr. 1976) Einstein, Albert, The Meaning of Relativity, 5th ed. (1956) Hadlock, Charles, Field Theory and Its Classical Problems (1979) Tonnelat, Marie A., Einstein's Theory of Unified Fields (1966). - - - - RELATIVITY Albert Einstein's theory of relativity has caused major revolutions in physics and astronomy during the 20th century. It introduced to science the concept of "relativity"--the notion that there is no absolute motion

ageisum Essays

ageisum Essays ageisum Essay ageisum Essay Modern society views aging as a form of sickness and the elderly as persons who are closer to dying and death. This is what is often portrayed in our mass and social media. When considering issues of aging sociologists have found that more positive characteristics are often said for persons under sixty five years than for over sixty five years. For instance , growth and development, beauty, good health, happiness are more likely to be listed as characteristics of being under sixty five years, whereas decline health, loneliness undesired physical appearance are likely to be listed for ersons over sixty five years. According to the Centre of Confidence and well being (n. d) reports stereotypes of the elderly as being needy, unhappy, senile, unable to learn new things and less useful than their younger counterparts. The author overview of this paper in conclusion we shall first address the factors that may be responsible for the modern day perception of the elderly, theoretical perspectives on aging, effects of ageism and the changes that society can make to eliminate the negative perceptions of aging. The elders in our society was not always iewed negatively according to gerontologist David Hackett Fisher who noted that literature from the seventeenth and eighteenth century colonial American stressed deference and respect for the elderly. He maintains that the elderly were held in veneration. In European culture the image of the elderly was dominated for a long time by the ambivalent traditions. The elderly was both seen as a wise and dignified as well as the old fool. Literature in pre-industrial France according to Jean-Pierre Gutton, marked by this twofold traditions. Seventeenth-century poetry on the other hand held a more positive view of the aged. In general the image of the elderly in pre-industrial France was more negative than positive. This changed after 1750 under the influence of Romanticism when the image of the wise old men and women acquired additional significance. The elderly came to symbolize virtue and reason. Different cultures treat the elderly in different ways. Cox (1998) notes research showing an inverse relationship between the degree of modernization and the status accorded old persons (Cox, 1998, 1), which means that in the more industrialized nations, the older person has a lower status than is the case in less industrialized nations. This is something we can see all around us as our own culture celebrates youth to the exclusion of the old and has been charged with throwing away older people. Despite industrialization of the Asian society according to Erdman Falmores we witness evidence of Falmores observation that Japan, whose level of industrialization matches Americans own, nevertheless maintains a strong tradition of filial piety and successful integration of elderly citizens into community life. There appears to be a great variation as to the treatment that older adults receive, ranging from extreme reverence and respect to bandonment and deprivation, McTavish (1971) reviewed the methodology and findings of a broad range of studies dealing with perceptions of old age. He states, Most investigators report findings which support the view that attitudes toward the modernization to the point of generally negative view in industrialized Western nations (p. 91). In other words, the more civilized the society is, the more likely they are to be ageist and maintain negative attitudes about the aged. For instance men in the Middle East view old age as lifes summit (Slater, 1964). Older men are viewed as having attained high status and prestige. In fact, according to Slater, the word sheik originally meant old man. Womens status and power does increase in many cultures following menopause. Okada (1962, cited in Gutmann, 1985) states that the old widow has great power in the Japanese family. Women in many small scale traditional societies also enjoy an increase in status (Brown, 1985). Post-menopausal women in these societies usually experience greater sexual freedom, the right to participate in ritual, the right to participate in the political realm of the society, and a decrease in the amount of work required in the home. With regard to work, the older oman is expected to be leisured. The cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards the aged may in part be due to different societal perspectives. In most western cultures the elderly today are hardly regarded with religious awe or reverence. They have become virtual outcasts of society, many living on the fringe, often in retirement communities or in nursing homes. William Withers states that modern cultures have coped with the death of the aged, minimizing its disruptiveness, by disengaging the elderly from the vital functions of society (518). In most modern society, emphasis and value are placed on youth, with advertising eared toward and glamorizing the young. In the entertainment industry which has a big influence on culture aging is seen as a shameful thing when in reality its a natural process. Aging gracefully is a thing of the past when there is pressure to stay young with technological advances by performing invasive cosmetic surgeries to fight the aging process and different types of ageing products. Aging in todays society is seen more as a disease than a natural process. The elderly are victims of mistaken beliefs and irrational attitudes promulgated by society, largely through the various mass media. Considering this phenomena which emerged during the twentieth century and their relationship to the changes in economics and social policy during that time in order to understand the way in which society conceptualizes and organize, sometimes through social policy, an age grouping to meet its perceived values, ideas or needs. The pensioner a term which did not exist in the earlier part of the last century but one which is now applied collectively to all those who are reaching retirement age, are forced to retire from employment in order to create jobs for younger members of society. For many elders this is a sentence to live on a vastly reduced income, whereas for others it is a time of choice and opportunity to spend more time with friends and family. However this is fluid and dependent on the demographics and economy of the society, the retirement age in the I-JK is set to rise to sixty-six years in 2024, sixty-seven years in 2034, sixty-eight years in 2044 for both sexes (Department of Work and Pensions, 2006). The position of the aged in modern society is clearly a reflection of the process of disengagement, referred to by Morgan Kunkel (1998) in terms of retirement. Disengagement should be a social process that moves older people into a new arrangement, but still into full participation within the social world (Morgan Kunkel, 1998, 6). Disengagement this willingly and with the approval of successive generations who benefit via the enhanced employment opportunities which then become available. By contrast, activity theorists argues that the only way to resist disengagement was to maintain a middle age lifestyle (Fennell Phillipson and Evers, 1989). Although critics have argued that, many older people do withdraw from the public sphere, there is little vidence to suggest that they do so voluntarily; rather, aging practices such as low retirement income and dependency creating services restrict most of them their capacity to remain active citizens. A political economy perspective on aging also points to increasing polarity of the aging experience, ranging from social exclusion of those older people living in areas of extreme economic deprivation (Schaef et al. 2002 ) to those young at heart, fit and wealthy older people who are the new niche makers of the tourism and travel industry (Warnes et el. , 1999; Ylanne-McEwen, 1999). American society has been described as maintaining a stereotypic and often negative perception of older adults (Busse, 1968). This negative and/or stereotypic perception of aging and aged individuals is readily apparent in such areas as language, media, and humor. For example, such commonly used phrases as over the hill and dont be an old fuddy-duddy denote old age as a period of impotency and incompetency (Nuessel, 1982). The term used to describe this stereotypic and often negative bias against older adults is ageism (Butler, 1969). Ageism can be defined as any attitude, action, or institutional structure which ubordinates a person or group because of age or any assignment of roles in society purely on the basis of age (Traxler, 1980, p. 4). As an ism, ageism reflects a prejudice in society against older adults. According to Bytheway (1995), ageism exists throughout the life course. Ageism consists ofa negative bias or stereotypic attitude toward aging and the aged. It is maintained in the form of primarily negative stereotypes and myths concerning the older adult. Traxler (1980) outlines four factors that have contributed to this negative image of aging. The factor that is postulated to ontribute to ageism is the fear of death in Western society. Western civilization conceptualizes death as outside of the human life cycle (Butler Lewis, 1977). As such, death is experienced and viewed as an affront to the self. Death is not seen as natural and inevitable part of the life course therefore, death is feared. As death is feared, old age is feared; death and old age are viewed as synonymous in American society (Kastenbaum, 1979). Kastenbaum (1973) hypothesizes that ageism attitudes and stereotypes serve to insulate the young and middle-aged from the ambivalence they feel towards the elderly. This ambivalence results from the fact that the older adult is viewed as representing aging and death. Butler (1969) states: Ageism reflects a deep seated uneasiness on the part of the young and middle-aged a personal revulsion to and distaste for growing old, disease, disability; and a fear of powerlessness, uselessness, and death ((p. 43). This represents the most commonly argued basis for ageism. Furthermore according to Traxler (1980) to contribute to ageism is the emphasis on the youth culture in American society. For example, the media, ranging from television to novels, place an emphasis on youth, hysical beauty, and sexuality. Older adults are primarily ignored or portrayed negatively (Martel, 1968; Northcott, 1975). The emphasis on youth not only affects themselves. Persons who are dependent on physical appearance and youth for their identity are likely to experience loss of self-esteem with age (Block, Davidson, Grumbs, 1981). The emphasis in American culture productivity contributes to ageism in American culture (Traxler, 1980). It should be noted that productivity is narrowly defined in terms of economic potential. Both ends of the life cycle are iewed as unproductive, children and the aged. The middle-aged are perceived as carrying the burdens imposed by both groups (Butler, 1969). Children, however, are viewed as having future economic potential. In a way, they are seen as an economic investment. Economically, older adults are perceived as a financial liability. This is not to say that older adults are unproductive. However, upon retirement, the older adult is no longer viewed as economically productive in American society and thus devalued. As a result of living in an ageist society, many older people internalize geist views, because ageist towards their peers, and try to distance themselves from other old people. Furthermore, poorly controlled gerontological studies have reinforced the negative image of the older adult. However, there appears to be a large societal influence on ageist attitudes. Therefore, until these societal influences are addressed, ageism cannot be obliterated. For example, if the fear of death and therefore aging is not somehow addressed societally, then younger individuals will continue to attempt to make the older population somehow different from themselves. This differentiation of themselves from older adults, thus serves to protect them from the reality of death. In working with older people we must recognize that our starting point is one of disadvantage and discrimination rather than equality. According to Hughes(1997), anti ageist practice embodies personhood ascribes to all people of all ages the autheriticity and worth of being alive and of having lived; citizenship relationship between the individual and society and how the relationship is defined; emphasizes rights of individual reciprocal responsibilities of individual and society; validates membership of society. Age is to be celebrated as an achievement and as a period to be valued in its own right. As a society we can make the necessary changes to eliminate the negative perceptions of aging, address the factors that may be responsible for the modern day perception of the elderly. Bibliography Janus Head/Alan Pope/Elderly in Modern Society. (n. d. ). Janus Head: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies inLiterature, Continental Philosophy, Phenomenological Psychology, andthe Arts. Retrieved August 4, 2013, from ]anushead. org/ JHSpg99/pope. cfm The Elderly Disengagement Activity Theories. n. d. ). LotsOfEssays. om Over 32,000 essays, term papers and book reports available for instant access!!. Retrieved August 4, 2013, from lotsofessays. com/ viewpaper Ageism. (n. d. ). Home I Webster University. Retrieved August 4, 2013, from Wellbeing I Violence Reduction Unit. (n. d. ). Violence Reduction Unit I Violence is preventable, not inevitable. Retrieved August 4, 2013, from http:// www. actiononviolence. com/content/centre-confidence-and-wellbeing Feminist Anthropology: A Reader. (n . d. ). Scribd. Retrieved August 4, 2013, from http:// www. scribd. m/doc/144477286/Feminist-Anthropology-A-Reader BBC News Online 2000:Call for enquiry into NSH ageism , 4 August; http:// news. Bbc. co. uk/l/hi/ health/635688. stm. Bytheway, B. 1995: Ageism. Buckinghham: Open University Press. Bytheway, B. , and Johnson,J. 1990: on definding ageism. Critical Social Policy, 27, 27-9. Managing Diversity Inequality in Health Care, 1st Edition I Baxter, C I ISBN 9780702025204. (n. d. ). Elsevier Store I Books, Journals, E-books, Databases, etc. I Welcome. Retrieved August 4, 2013, from http://store. elsevier. com/Managing- Diversity-and-Inequality-in-Health-Care/isbn-9780702025204/

Healthcare Worker Shortage Leads Some Hospitals to Take Extra Steps

Healthcare Worker Shortage Leads Some Hospitals to Take Extra Steps There is currently  a shortage of U.S. health care personnel, and  it is only likely to get worse. According to a study by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration, within the next 10 or 15 years, 1 million nurses are expected to retire. Additionally,  the number of practicing physicians is expecting a shortfall of 55,000 by 2020. The aging population will have a large impact on the number of nurse jobs and other health-related positions sorely needed to keep facilities running.A large number of students require additional background coursework in order to take credited health care courses, which deters people from pursing health care careers. Often, these additional  courses are in more difficult areas of study, such as mathematics or chemistry. Instead of tackling them, students are switching career paths.Alternatives to Community CollegeSome hospitals are offering in-house training programs to ensure that appropriate staffing will continue. In Michigan, one pr ogram allows employees to work while training to obtain medical assistant jobs. Upon completion, the employee will be licensed and credentialed, a bonus for the hospital employer and a practical way for an employee interested in the health care field to gain knowledge.Hospital StrategiesMany hospitals realize that happy employees are more likely to stay on the job and may work past retirement age. Some offer in-house training programs, and others offer tuition reimbursement as incentive to continue toward a degree or licensure.Because of the anticipation of a continued shortage, some hospitals have found that pairing an entry level employee with a seasoned   one helps keep the older employee up on the latest technologies in the field, while the younger employee has the benefit of the other’s years of expertise.Hospital and Community College CooperationIn some areas, such as the San Francisco Bay area, hospitals have been working in conjunction with community colleges to off er training and additional support for nursing staff. By combining classes and residency experience at one time, trainees feel more confident, and the retention rate is higher.In addition, it gives the hospital the opportunity to train nursing students in needed positions, such as surgical assistants in the operating room. Other employees who are not taking nursing classes are offered tuition reimbursement, and the hospital continues to pay their salary while they attend school if the individual expresses an interest in furthering their career in health care.If you are looking for a job in health care, turning to TheJobNetwork makes your search simple. Sign up for free with this online platform and enter the type of job you want. The platform lets you specify criteria you are looking for in the job as well as letting you enter your qualifications and a resume. You can actively search for a job or let the platform do the search for you. You’ll receive an email when jobs are fo und. All you have to do is apply.

How Personal Can Ethics Get Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Personal Can Ethics Get - Essay Example For this very reason, it has become matter-of-factly for executives to trade in what is moral for what is lucrative. Decision-making is an integral process of everyday life. In a nutshell, it governs everything that we do from the moment we gain consciousness everyday. We decide what time to wake up, what breakfast to eat, what clothes to wear, etc. The same goes in a business environment. Every decision that must be made affects the entire company. But more than this, it also affects the community and is not delineated to only those belonging to the company. When one looks at every decision process in this context, then greed shall not govern the action of corporate honchos that run businesses which in turn affects everyone’s lives. â€Å"There is a natural principle of benevolence in human beings which, to some extent, has the same relation to society that self-love has to the individual† (Borchart & Stewart, 1986). Culture, from the origin of the word itself means cu ltivate. It is an aspect which can be formed and molded according to the necessities of the time and the will of those forming it. It may be for the better or for the worse depending on the vision of the leader who oversees the group. The same goes for an organization and how it may develop its culture. When it is focused on short-term goals of profit generation without regard for the welfare of other people, and when this is done time and again, then it becomes a part of that company’s culture and its own identity. Once this happens it becomes difficult to break away from and willpower is necessary to steer it into its right track. But when an organization builds from within itself a culture of excellence with concern for other members of the community, then this emanates and the growth of the organization becomes evident as all members have the common goal and the common missions that they must adhere to. Whole Foods Market presents an example for a company that strives to change the perception of a business venture and make it an overall experience for its customers. Founded by John Mackey in 1980, the small company has grown into a large corporation with 170 stores. Driven by the idea to make grocery shopping a whole new experience, Mackey launched the company which incorporated a wide array of choices and interactive experience with its courteous and informed employees. Steve Demos of White Wave says, â€Å"Wall Street – that’s where the fun begins. They only measure one thing, the bottom line. My goal is to demonstate that the principle-based business model is more profitable than its counterpart, and when we do, Wall Street will chase us instead of the other way around† (Slocum & Hellriegel, 2007). Like Demos, Mackey ardently believes in not sticking by the rules laid out in Wall Street whhere big and fast profit is the name of the game. He argues that a steady growth directed at a long-term goal is the way to go rather than relying on quarterly figures to determine the next steps of the company. Whole Foods even went so far as to release a ‘Declaration of Interdependence’ affirming their motto: â€Å"Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet.† Corporate greed had always been regarded as an acceptable reality in our society. Big busineeses always had been denoted as having attained their status based on shady transactions and corporate manipulations that CEOs must

S Corporation vs. Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

S Corporation vs. Corporation - Essay Example Incorporating as either of these provides shareholders with a number of tax and non tax advantages, which are gained by any company that is incorporated in either of these categories. Focusing on the tax issue, there is the fact that corporations are able in certain situations to help one in reducing their tax obligations. In states where the corporate tax is lower than individual income tax, one can incorporate thereby paying the lower corporate tax. Being a corporation allows the corporation to write down losses that may result from start ups, thereby reducing the tax burden that they have to meet. Corporations are also able to avoid tax by retaining income earned. This will limit the tax burden of the shareholders as well as the corporation. Though there are regulations in place that set a limit to the amount that can be retained without accruing taxation. The flipside that may exist as far as taxation of corporations goes is that of the double taxation effect. This is where the c orporation gets to pay tax on its profit. The profit after tax that is then paid to shareholders as dividends is also taxed as income tax. This may be remedied if the corporation is recognized as an S corporation. The advantage of S corporations comes from the single taxation of the corporation’s income. ... This will therefore increase the overall tax obligation of the shareholders (Lederman, 2002). There are various justifications that can be provided to the management for the election of scuba view Inc. to be a corporation. There is reduced tax obligation on the shareholders due to the reduced payment of tax on income. This is because corporations enjoy various deductions that other entities may not. One case is any company related expense may be expensed thereby reducing the income before tax. Also the income tax rate for individuals currently rests at between 10% and 39.6%. This is comparable to the current corporate tax rate that is between 15% and 35% (Landes, 2013). There is evidence suggesting that the effective rate that has been paid by corporations in terms of corporate tax has been dropping and it is quoted as being 31.9% by the financial times (Demos, 2012). The move towards making Lost and found Corp. an S corporation has been informed by the need to limit shareholders tax burden. In making this corporation into a designation S one, means that the shareholders still enjoy the benefits of a corporation without the need for double taxation. Shareholders who have lower tax rates can utilize this new designation to cut the tax that they pay the federal government. This is because in being an S corporation the shareholders only get to pay income tax on the income that the corporation pays to the shareholders. There is also the possibility to reduce the tax liability by retaining most of the income of the corporation. This retained income will only get taxed when it reaches a certain limit. For an entity to be recognized as an S corporation there are certain criteria that it must meet. To begin with the corporation is only limited to seventy five

Alternative-Fuel Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Alternative-Fuel Vehicles Essay Atmospheric pollution is a major problem nowadays. So it is important that we should immediately find alternative fuel sources for petroleum and reduce the emission of harmful gases in the atmosphere. This has been the dream of many scientists because this will significantly reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, a green house gas, to the atmosphere. Most of these fuels can be manufactured domestically so I cut the costs of importing from other countries. Some are even derived from renewable sources. Electric cars are now being manufactured globally. Unknown to many, electricity-powered cars came into the automotive scene before its diesel and petroleum counterpart. But due to the limitations of the technology in the past, its development was stopped and diesel cars became the standard car. Most of the problems electric cars faced points to the battery. Batteries were heavy and required recharging. But there are new developments in this technology. A battery now has longer life and comes in much lighter forms. The main drawback of this car is the distance it can travel before the batteries run out. If there are enough recharging stops, like gas stations, the electric car will prove itself as a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly car. Natural gas cars are also gaining popularity. The promise of being able to fuel the car at one’s own home is hard to deny. Honda calls it a personalized solution to the fact that gasoline stations don’t sell natural gas. The Honda model Civic GX is coined as the cleanest internal combustion engine-powered vehicle ever tested by Environmental Protection Agency. However, natural gas is not renewable. A potential advantage of Hydrogen cars is that it can be used over and over again by the process of electrolysis. Although the supply hydrogen is not limited as fossil-fuels, production of such cars doesn’t come at a cheap price. Hydrogen has many advantages if used to fuel cars, but currently it is very expensive. Some car companies offer to convert diesel cars into hydrogen cars, but most of the time the price of conversion is much more expensive than the original price of the car. Also, hydrogen in normal temperature is gas and to be used as fuel it should be squeezed in high pressures so it is somewhat difficult to contain. Fuel cell cars are definitely a technology to watch for. It has the potential to minimize the use of energy while reducing harmful emissions at the same time. What sets it above the others is that it can make its own energy through certain chemical processes. Also, fuel cell cars don’t emit pollutants. But the price is almost the same for hydrogen cars, if not higher. The developments in fuel cells is rather young, it is not yet tested as compared to other alternative fuels, so it would be a risk if we utilize this technology right away. Among these alternative sources of energy, I choose natural gas. The other alternatives may score a higher grade in terms of energy advantage and minimal emission, but they are too expensive. The economy will suffer as we save the environment using Hydrogen, Electric, and Fuel Cell cars. Natural gas is widely distributed around the world. New natural gas reserves are discovered as time pass, it is just waiting for us to harness fuel from it. Most countries will be able to tap their own resources and strengthen one’s economy. The production of cars and fuel supply for natural gas cars is also very feasible compared to the other alternatives. Atmospheric pollution is increasing during each day. And since natural gas is the cheapest, we can immediately put it to use. This is the realistic approach concern the threat of global warming. We put into use something that works and will be a benefit for both the economy and environment. And after we became successful in harnessing natural gas, and the economic condition permits it, it is the time to upgrade to hydrogen or fuel cells and completely eliminate harmful emissions from vehicles.

The Movie Dead Man and its Departure from the Western Genre :: Movie Film Essays

The Movie Dead Man and its Departure from the Western Genre Put simply, genres are not created by directors so much as they are by audiences. Once it is apparent that something has been received well by theatre-goers, a formula is developed and henceforth followed to achieve the same success. Considering the Western genre, as presented by Robert Warshow, one may note whisky-swilling gunslingers, prostitutes alongside their madams, and arguments over poker tables in smoke filled saloons resulting in someone being thrown through the glass window. The hero of the Western, personified so well by Gary Cooper, John Wayne, and Clint Eastwood, draws his six-shooter fast and is lethally accurate. Unfortunately, these audience-drawing regularities which, while entertaining, undermine the historical representation of how America’s West was truly settled. The most jarring difference from the Western genre in Dead Man is that the hero, William Blake, does not saunter into town with a pistol on his hip, let alone know how to shoot one. He is an accountant from Cleveland, a rational man headed for an irrational world. Machine, the town which was his destination, is a menacing mill town which comments on the harsh realities of industrialization. Blake’s train ride to the West is in vain, having been refused the job promised to him in a letter because he was tardy in response. There is an absence of order in town, in large part because John Dickinson, owner of the Metal Works plant the towns economy depends on, is insane, possibly parodying the ineptitude of capitalistic hierarchy. Jim Jarmusch’s choice of William Blake as the name of his main character was not by accident. The jovial Indian Nobody is convinced that Blake is the English poet by the same name, and for good reason. Not because Depp’s Blake resembles the actual poet, but because William Blake’s poetic themes can be recognized throughout the story. Also, Jarmusch’s use of fade to black to separate the scenes transforms each scene into a new poem that can be read and viewed as a new development in the film. Critics consider Jarmusch’s departure from the Western genre as a breath of fresh air. Dennis Schwartz claims â€Å"Jarmusch didn't falsely romanticize the Western settler and idolize him for how good he was with a gun as most films foolishly do; but, he debunked that whole Western John Ford type of patronizing liberal myth that the cowboy was doing all that violence to advance civilization, that if the Indian can be civilized he can and should live with the white man.

Jefferson VS. Hamilton DBQ Essay

In the history of America, Thomas Jefferson, the Secretary of State, and Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, were two of the greatest leaders of our country. Although they both lead the country, that’s where the similarities end as they had opposing views on everything. Jefferson was a republican while Hamilton was a federalist. Jefferson had been opposed to all of Hamilton’s ideas, such as his financial plan, his interpretation of the powers of the government, his foreign policy, and his vision for the future of America. Jefferson was against Hamilton’s views because his financial plan would ultimately destroy democracy in America, his interpretation of the powers of the government could result in the destruction of the institution of slavery, his foreign policy because Hamilton was Pro-British and England’s Monarchy could spread to America, and his vision for the future of America because Hamilton wanted an Oligarchy government while Jefferson wante d a democracy. First, Jefferson was extremely opposed to Hamilton’s financial plan for America. Hamilton’s financial plan was very elaborate, ultimately leading to the preservation of America’s independence. His plan starts with the goal of gaining power through wealth. To gain wealth, Hamilton stated that industry must be created. He creates a national bank by loosely interpreting the â€Å"necessary and proper† (Doc 1) clause. Hamilton justifies his bank by saying, â€Å"Necessary often means nothing more than needful†¦useful† (Doc 2). He believed that the creation of a National Bank fell under this clause as he found it convenient to help with his plan. By creating the National Bank, he was making the rich richer, and causing them to either invest their money, spend it on products, store it in the bank, or use it to buy bonds. This in turn would give the government more wealth, and ultimately more power. It seemed like a decent idea, but Jefferson saw the flaws that came  with it. He stated that Hamilton’s plan would destroy democracy in America. In Jefferson’s notes on the state of Virginia, he said, â€Å"Those who labor in the earth are the chosen people†¦corruption of morals in the mass of cultivators†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc. 4). When he says this, he is saying that through the creation of industry, workers who work under others will lose their political independence. He saw this as a threat to democracy because workers would be easily manipulated to vote for someone that their employer wanted them to vote for, therefore leading to corruption in the government. And there was no workaround for this as voting was public, so anyone could watch the workers cast their vote. This would eventually lead to an Oligarchy as the rich would have all the power since they were of higher positions, and would control those of lower positions, which would be the workers. That is why Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s financial plan as this would end in the creation of a country who is led by few peop le with all the power. In addition, Jefferson was opposed to Hamilton’s interpretation of the government’s powers. Hamilton interpreted the â€Å"Necessary and Proper† clause loosely, stating that â€Å"Necessary often means nothing more than needful† (Doc. 2). By interpreting the clause this way, he opened himself to an almost unlimited amount of power. He used it to create a National Bank by claiming that it was related to regulating commerce and collecting taxes. Jefferson had been opposed to Hamilton’s interpretation for many reasons. The first one is that he interpreted the Constitution very strictly. He argued that, â€Å"Supporters of the bank bill argue that a bank would be of great convenience in collecting taxes. Even is this argument were true, the constitution allows for only those laws which are â€Å"necessary†, not for those which are merely convenient for carrying out delegated powers† (Doc. 3). He argued that the constitution was only referr ing to laws that were absolutely necessary, a last resort with no other possible options. Jefferson backs up his interpretation by also stating, â€Å" †¦ that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the people or the states†¦The incorporation of a bank and the powers assumed by this bill have not in my opinion, been delegated by the United States by the Constitution† (Doc. 8). The second reason he interpreted the constitution this way was because if the Constitution were to be interpreted loosely, it would pose a threat towards Slavery. Jefferson had supported slavery, and did not want the government to be able to gain more power through the clause, and in the long run, eventually ending slavery in America. The final reason Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s interpretation was because Hamilton was using his loose interpretation to his advantage, creating a bank to further push his financial plan into motion, which was the exact opposite of what Jefferson wanted as it went against all of his beliefs. Jefferson was trying to stop Hamilton’s plan, and one way was to stop the abuse of the â€Å"Necessary and Proper† clause. Furthermore, Jefferson was against Hamilton’s foreign policy. Hamilton was considered to be Pro-British while Jefferson was Pro-France. During this time, France and Britain were at war fighting against each other. Hamilton supported the British and wanted them to win against the French because he believed in the British’s form of government, a monarchy. A monarchy was a government with one person that holds the sole power of the country. Hamilton’s expectations was that if the British were to win the war, the monarchy form of government would spread all across Europe, and ultimately be adopted in America as an oligarchy form of government, a country ruled by a few. He believed in this type of government because he saw that Britain was flourishing and he thought that if America adopted the same type of government, then the country would succeed as well. Hamilton shared his view on popular rule by stating, â€Å"The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom j udge or determine right. Give to the first class a distinct, permanent share in the government† (Doc. 6). Hamilton objected to power among the people because he believed that the people are always changing and have ambition. This creates a state of mind that a common person can never settle on one decision and is always going to change their beliefs. Hamilton also states his disagreement with Jefferson by saying, â€Å"In respect to our foreign  politic, the views of the gentlemen and his supports are unsound and dangerous. They have a womanish attachment to France, and a womanish resentment against Great Britain† (Doc. 9). Hamilton shows his hate on Jefferson’s views and comments that they are unsound and dangerous. Jefferson on the other hand believed that the government should be a democracy with power shared among all the people. Jefferson supported the French because of multiple reasons. First, he wanted to honor the treaty between America and France, and help them in the war against the British. Second, he did not want monarchy to spread across Europe as this would diminish his chances of creating a democracy form of government in America. Jefferson expresses his distrust for the government and the elite by saying, â€Å"I am not a friend to a very energetic government. It is always oppressive. It places the governors indeed more at ease, at the expense of the people† (Doc. 7). Jefferson believed that the elite would take away the rights of the common people. He trusted that Gentlemen who were small farmers, would rule better as they would be educated, disinterested, independent, and would own land. This was the criteria that Jefferson believed would fit a person to rule the country, and why he disagreed with Hamilton’s foreign policy. Finally, Hamilton and Jefferson have very different views on the future of America. Hamilton believed that the future of America should yield a Oligarchy government, with the power belonging to the elite. He wanted Britain to ultimately win the war and for America to adopt an Oligarchy government and prosper just like Britain, since he did not trust the power to be in the common peoples’ hands. Additionally, Hamilton sought out to have industry with manufacturing and agriculture. He believed that a strong manufacturing economy was of great importance to America’s future. Hamilton wrote a report on Manufacturing in which he stated, â€Å"The trade of a country which is both manufacturing and agriculture will be more lucrative and prosperous than that of a country which is merely agricultural. The importations of manufactures supplied seem to invariably drain the merely agricultural people of their wealth† (Doc. 5). Hamilton believed that for America to flourish with its economy and eventually pay off its debts, America needed to have industry to start manufacturing its own products and  be able to export products and agriculture, not just agriculture. He also thought that in the long run, the agricultural people would be drained of their wealth as manufacturing would take over the economy of America. Jefferson disagreed greatly with Hamilton’s vision for America. Jefferson wanted to have a democracy in America in the future, with power in the hands of small farmers who were Gentlemen. This was a Virtuous Republic. He distrusted the elite to run the government and trusted people who were like him to have the power. Additionally, he did not want industry to become present in America as that would destroy democracy, so he wanted more agriculture to be among the farmers. To sum up, Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed on a great deal of matters. In the end, it was both Hamilton and Jefferson who won in achieving what they wanted. Nowadays we have a democracy government, but we also have industry and we manufacture goods. We export and import goods to keep our economy in balance. The people have the power now, but it is not just small farmers and gentlemen, but rather equality among all others.

Enron-The Smartest Guys in the Room paper Essay

Answer the following questions based on the film Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (2005). 1. (a) Describe the ownership structure at Enron. (b) How did the ownership structure contribute to the Enron scandal? (15 points) When Enron became a publicly traded company, the employees and executives had more incentive to manipulate earnings and financials. With the shift in structure, there were more external stakeholders to satisfy, which caused the company to focus on short-term results, rather than long-term interests. The company went as far as to trade all sorts of things, including weather and broadband, in order to gain support from investors. Enron got a lot of that support. Investment banks put about $25 million each into the company. With high stakes and image on the line, Enron manipulated earnings to drive stock prices up through mark-to-market accounting to please its stakeholders. 2.(a) Describe the following three leaders: Ken Lay, Jeff Skilling, and Andy Fastow. (b) How did EACH leader contribute to the scandal? (20 points) Ken Lay was a very ambitious man. He was the son of a poor Baptist preacher. Because of Lay’s humble roots, Lay worked several jobs as a kid. He always dreamed about being a businessman one day and making huge wealth for himself. Lay believed he could have a better life with more wealth. He also believed in government deregulation. Lay had a PhD in economics. He aggressively pushed for deregulation of energy markets in Washington. His goal was to liberate businessmen from government’s hold. He took advantage of government letting energy prices float with the market, and started Enron Corporation through a few mergers. Jeffrey Skilling, former CEO of Enron, was said to be â€Å"incandescently brilliant† by many at Enron. In reality, he was a risky, danger-seeking gambler. Skilling had a Darwinian view and strongly beli eved in the idea of â€Å"survival of the fittest†. He implemented a group called the Performance Review Committee. The committee was involved in the â€Å"rank and yank† system, in which the bottom 15 percent of the company got fired each year. This ultimately led to numerous unethical actions and turning a blind eye to fraud because of employees’ determination for job  security. Skilling was a former nerd, and went on to change himself. He was very admired at Enron. When he got Lasik surgery, everyone else did too. Skilling was responsible for making energy into a tradable entity and for his advocacy of mark-to-market accounting, which was the main tool for Enron’s earnings manipulation. Fastow was a very greedy man. He served as CFO of Enron. He was responsible for running numerous companies that partnered with Enron. He mainly worked to cover up the financial fantasy land that Lay and Skilling had created. He was hired before age 30 by Skilling to join Enron. He always idolized Skilling and wanted to please him. He ended up hiding about $30 billion in debt through his companies. In addition, he skimmed off many of the deals he made, using Enron stocks as collateral. Fastow did not have a strong moral compass, and would play to the greed of the investment banks. He would offer investment banks accounts for their silence. One analyst, John Olsen, star ted to question the firm, and weeks later, was fired by the investment bank because Fastow paid off the bank with big Enron accounts. 3.(a) Describe the organizational culture at Enron. (b) How did the organizational culture contribute to the Enron scandal? (15 points) The culture at Enron was very cut-throat and filled with greed. Money drove the company and its employees. In fact, even the elevators had displays of the stock prices. The company was overtaken by hubris as well. Everyone was on the bandwagon—the accounting firm, investors, executives, and employees. The entire company thought it was changing the world. Everyone was blinded by arrogance, greed, and money. Enron was always portrayed as a super power in the market. It was said that is someone wanted to be part of the market, they had to go through Enron. In addition, many employees, including Skilling, were former nerds and had something to prove. There was a very macho culture at Enron. Skilling would organize dangerous, macho trips for employees and big clients. The stories from these adventures became legend. One man almost died from a flipp ed Jeep. Stories like that were legendary in the office. The culture ultimately led Enron to scandal because of the ideas it had put into people’s heads—that money drove everything and cash was king. 4.(a) Describe the performance management/reward system at Enron. (b) How did the performance   management/reward system contribute to the Enron scandal? (20 points) The reward systems were big. The executives and employees were all fans of the â€Å"pump and dump† system in which the employees drove the stock prices up, and would them sell the stocks off. The company was consumed by stock prices, as stocks were a large part of the compensation structure at Enron. Even the elevators had stock prices posted, so people could be reminded daily that there was more money to be made. The cash bonuses were extravagant too. In fact, a 25-year-old made a $5 million bonus. Executives were given multi million dollar bonuses. In addition, to prevent anyone from raising any flags, Enron played on the greed of the outside accounting firm, Arthur Anderson, as well as law firms. In fact, in 2001, Arthur Anderson got $1 million a week to keep things quiet and go along with everything. The la w firm was paid off handsomely as well. Analysts at investment banks would never really look into things because of greed as well. Because of all the bonuses, outsiders turned a blind eye, as did employees, which ultimately gave way to the scandal that ensued. 5.(a) Describe the regulatory/oversight weaknesses for Enron. (b) How did the regulatory/oversight weaknesses contribute to the Enron scandal? (15 points) Enron sought to take advantage of the low level of government regulation and the hyper capitalism created by the reigning consumer culture of the time. The company was run by a group of intelligent individuals who recognized they could take advantage of the government failure of low regulation. Early on while working for Enron, Lay founded many friends within Congress, including the friendship of George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush. The government helped in pork barrel legislation for the company, granting it even more power. In addition, Bush senior helped secure millions of subsidies for Enron and helped promote Ken Lay as ambassador of deregulation at large. In addition, even energy-specific regulators turned a blind eye. Pat Wood, chair of FERC, was recommended by Lay as chair, and would work with Enron in lack of government in tervention. Even the power plants in California were working with Enron at one point. Enron could call someone at a power plant and cause rolling blackouts in parts of California,  driving energy prices up. With support from the government and very low regulation and intervention, Enron had a clean path to scandal. 6.Describe three (3) specific ways, which are directly related to the above factors, that Enron-like scandals could be prevented in the future. (15 points) 1. Publically-traded companies should have a strong board of directors that oversees the company and does not have investment in the company. Greed drove Enron to do what it did, but a board of directors who has no stake in the company would be more objective and ethical in decision-making for the company. 2. There should be less compensation tied to stock performance, as that was a large incentive for fraud at Enron. People’s earnings were tied too closely to stock. 3. Analysts should be help more responsible for their actions. The investment banks they worked for got sued, but who’s to say the analysts who turned a blind eye ever got punished? They made the banks lots of money, so they probably kept their jobs and got a slap on the wrist. More consequence in the public eye would deter these actions in the future.

Essay on jack london

Essay on jack london Essay on jack london one of the authors Chris McCandless admired very much was Jack London. Jack London was an American author, journalist and a social activist. he was born on January 12,1876 in san Francisco, California and died in 1916. attended university of California at Berkeley. by the age of 30 he was internationally famous for his "call of the wild" in 1903 and also "the sea wolf" in 1904 . he wrote more than 50 books , some of them were published after his death. his stories were about his personal adventures at sea in Alaska or in the fields and factories in California. Chris McCandles could relate to jack London because he went on a adventure as well . Chris admired jack London as a man and as a writer. people who read Jack London's work became inspired.Jack London was born on January 12, 1876. By age 30, he was internationally famous for Call of the Wild (1903), The Sea Wolf, (1904) and other literary and journalistic accomplishments. Though he wrote passionately about the great questions of life and death and the struggle to survive with dignity and integrity, he also sought peace and quiet inspiration. His stories of high adventure were based on his own experiences at sea, in Alaska, or in the fields and factories of California. His writings appealed to millions worldwide. Jack London was also widely known for his personal exploits. He was a colorful, controversial personality, often in the news. Generally fun loving, he was quick to side with the underdog against injustice of any kind. An eloquent public speaker, he was much sought after as a lecturer on socialism and other economic and political topics. Most people considered London a living symbol of rugged individualism, a man whose fabulous success was not due to special favor of any kind, but to a combination of immense mental ability and vitality. Strikingly handsome, full of laughter, restless and courageous, always eager for adventure, Jack London was one of the most romantic figures of this time. He ascribed his worldwide literary success largely to hard work - to "dig", as he put it. Between 1900 and 1916, he completed more than 50 fiction and nonfiction books, hundreds of short stories and numerous articles. Several of the books and many of the short stories are classics and still popular; some have been translated into as many as 70 languages. Among his most well-known books are Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea

The Characteristics of Diptera

The Characteristics of Diptera Insects of the order Diptera, the true flies, are a large and diverse group that includes midges, no-see-ums, gnats, mosquitoes, and all manner of flies. Diptera literally means two wings, the unifying characteristic of this group. Description As the name, Diptera indicates, most true flies have just one pair of functional wings. A pair of modified wings called halteres replace the hindwings. The halteres connect to a nerve-filled socket and work much like a gyroscope to keep the fly on the course and stabilize its flight. Most Dipterans use sponging mouthparts to lap juices from fruits, nectar, or fluids exuded from animals. If youve ever encountered a horse or deer fly, you probably know that other flies have piercing, biting mouthparts to feed on the blood of vertebrate hosts. Flies have large compound eyes. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis. The larvae lack legs and look like small grubs. Fly larvae are called maggots. Most insect taxonomists divide the order Diptera into two suborders: Nematocera, flies with long antennae like mosquitoes, and Brachycera, flies with short antennae like house flies. Habitat and Distribution True flies live in abundance worldwide, though their larvae generally require a moist environment of some kind. Scientists describe over 120,000 species in this order. Major Families in the Order Culicidae - mosquitoesTipulidae – crane fliesSimulidae – black fliesMuscidae – house fliesCecidomyiidae – gall midgesCalliphoridae – blow fliesDrosophilidae – pomace flies Dipterans of Interest Mormotomyia hirsute is only known to live in a large crack at the top of Kenyas Ukazzi Hill. Its larvae feed on bat dung.Humans share over 20 percent of our DNA with Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly commonly used to teach genetics in high school science labs.Flower flies in the family Syrphidae mimic ants, bees, and wasps; despite their convincing costumes, flies cannot sting.Blowfly larvae feeding on dead bodies can help forensic scientists determine the time of the death of the victim. Sources Diptera, Dr. Jon Meyer, North Carolina State University Department of Entomology.  Accessed online May 6, 2008.Gordons Fly Page (Diptera).  Accessed online May 6, 2008.Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallKaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America, by Eric R. Eaton and Kenn Kaufman

Coca-Cola SCM Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coca-Cola SCM - Case Study Example It is a functional system that comprises the running of the source materials’ movement into the business, various scenarios of how the products and services are produced, and the management of how the services and the products are delivered to the customer. Hence, functions like obtaining source materials, and the ownership of distribution mechanisms are passed on to other businesses that are specialised with these functions. The regulation of the day to day logistics by the parent business is decreased, while, the number of business partners increases. Supply chain management enhances the speed of the movement of products and goods and minimises the cost. It enables the management of the inventory, transport, supply, customer service, and the distribution (Lambert, 2008). The Coca-Cola Company produces a variety of soft-drinks. Its headquarters is in Atlanta. The company produces the syrups that are used to produce the various soft drinks and sells them to bottlers around the world. It has an estimated 3,500 types of soft drinks under its name. Soft drinks are beverages that contain no alcohol, but are carbonated, have sweeteners and are of different flavours (The Coca-Cola Company, 2011). The Carbon (IV) oxide gives soft drinks their unique taste while the sweeteners provide the calories. Over the years, Coca-Cola has continually produced different soft drinks under various brands totalling to over 500 in nearly every country around the world. The old supply chain management of Coca-Cola Company involved several stages. It included the internal supply chain, the distribution and logistics network, the supply network, and finally to the customers. The internal supply chain was composed of production of the various beverages that it produces, the sourcing of the ingredients, the distribution to its business partners, marketing and sales, and the accounting of all the finances. The marketing and sale of its products have been characterised

Project Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Recommendation - Essay Example The company has commenced investment in the project and lack of implementation may lead to substantial monetary losses. One way of dealing with uncertainty is employment of pretested technology. This may be a plus for the Project Stargazer as its research and development has been going on for a while. The return on investment determines the profitability of implementing the Project Stargazer through assessment of monetary implications of the funds and schedules. When the magnitude and timing of investment in the Project Stargazer is gauged and the timing of investment gains is directly proportional to the magnitude and timing of costs, a high return of investment is identified. This indicates that the gains associated with this project compare favorably to the implementation costs. This return of investment clearly shows that the project will not only be profitable, but also use the funds directed at it efficiently. The project will break-even when the total sales and revenues equalize the total expenses associated with the Project Stargazer. At this point, no losses or profits will be associated with the project, though with a high return on investment, the project is likely to break-even with ease. The product that is associated with this project is also innovative and has not been introduced in the market before. Developing and marketing such a product will be beneficial to the company as it will be developed for the first time. Success of the Project Stargazer might also pave the way for the company to market a variety of other products in the future. Project conception: The project Stargazer has already been researched and its development is already in progress. Previous analysis suggests that implementation of the project will benefit the company and chances of successful completion are high. Definition and planning: After the company approves the development of the project, a project plan outlining the

Black Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Black Enlightenment - Essay Example The role of Black intellectuals in the era of Black Enlightenment is extraordinary. Some of the prominent Black intellectual of the time were Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Benneker. Phillis Wheatley was like a role model not only for the African Americans but also for the White Americans. She had transformed from a slave into a highly confident, courageous, and intellectually enriched poet and analyst. Phillis Wheatley wrote a letter to an American Indian minister named Samson Occom in 1774. At that time, tensions between England and the American colonies had increased. In her letter, Phillis Wheatley expressed her desire and need for personal liberty, natural rights, and establishment of the divine order. She believed that emergence of order in Africa and Christianity would mutually result in termination of the Atlantic trade of slaves. â€Å"How well the cry for Liberty, and the reverse Disposition for the exercise of oppressive Power over others agree, I humbly think it does not require the Penetration of a Philosopher to determine† (Wheatley cited in Gates 1987 p. 77). ... â€Å"decidedly negro† from his appearance, Benjamin Banneker mastered the Greek and Latin languages and alongside acquired good knowledge of French and German using his white neighbor’s library. Benjamin Banneker referred to the Declaration of Independence in these words holding Thomas Jefferson accountable for the continued existence of Black slavery in America, â€Å"You were then impressed with†¦the free possession of those blessings, to which you were entitled by nature; but, Sir, how pitiable is it to reflect, that although you were so fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of Mankind, and of his equal and impartial distribution of these rights and privileges. . . that you should at the Same time counteract His mercies, in detaining by fraud and violence so numerous a part of my brethren, under groaning captivity and cruel oppression† (Banneker cited in Wallenfeldt 2011 p. 24). Black Enlightenment was the age when Black people came to realize through personal experience and witnessing that if they establish close ties with religion and education, they can solve their problems and work toward establishing a respectable lifestyle for themselves on equal basis with the White Americans. Although Black intellectuals had to overcome a lot of obstacles and muster up a lot of courage to speak on national and international platforms, yet with their courage and determination, they took such measures that left a powerful effect on the psychology and understanding toward the Black people of the White Americans. Black churches were not only the places of spiritual rejuvenation and practice of religious festivals, but also serves as places of union for the Black community where they could share their experiences and give each other love and hope. To conclude, Black

Internal Communication Audit Example

Internal Communication Audit Example Introduction In general, internal communication refers to any kind of verbal and non-verbal communication between members of an organisation (Neuroni et al., 2008; Welch Jackson, 2007). Furthermore, from a strategic perspective, internal communication can be defined as â€Å"communication between an organisation’s strategic managers and its internal stakeholders, designed to promote commitment to the organisation, a sense of belonging to it, awareness of its changing environment and understanding of its evolving aims† (Welch Jackson, 2007). Bill Quirke, one of leading authorities on internal communication, noted that â€Å"when employees understand their overall role in the business, 91 percent will work towards that success, but the number plummets to 23 percent if they don’t† (Quirke, 2008). This reflection shows that an effective internal communication strategy enables the business to secure the engagement of the employees and subsequently achieve success. A recent study from Towers Watson further supports the fact that internal communication is a key component to the business performance (Towers Watson, 2014). The study concludes that â€Å"companies with high effectiveness in change management and [internal] communication are three and a half times more likely to significantly outperform their industry peers than firms that are not effective in these areas† (Towers Watson, 2014). In today’s world of constant change and evolution, organisations are recognising the need to reshape and strengthen their internal communication strategy and use it as a driver to adapt and manage the continuous change (Melcrum, 2014). Our study will try to examine to what extent the above paradigms apply to the specific context of Capital Horizons, a financial company in Mauritius. Purpose and Objectives of the study Our study will perform an internal communication audit of Capital Horizons, which is a systematic analysis of the all internal communication practices within the company, their alignment with the communication strategy and overall business strategies. The internal communication audit of Capital Horizon will mainly focus on the below objectives: Identification of strengths and weakness of the company’s internal communication system Recommendations for improving the communication system at the company Literature review What is internal communication? In addition to the definitions of internal communication given in the introduction above, there are many other concurrent definitions from scholars and professional in the field of internal communication. One of the most famous definition cited numerous time is that from Frank and Brownell who define it as â€Å"the communications transactions between individuals and/or groups at various levels and in different areas of specialisation that are intended to design and redesign organisations, to implement designs, and to co-ordinate day-to-day activities† (Frank Brownell, 1989). Rachel Miller, from allthingsic.com, has a more simplistic definition of internal communication as â€Å"communication inside an organisation between a company and its audiences.† The internal audiences of a company would include all the stakeholders within the company such as those inferred from Frank and Brownell’s definition of internal communication (Frank Brownell, 1989), that is, the employees, the supervisors, the different levels of managers, the executives and c-level executives. In fact, Welch Jackson categorise the stakeholders of internal communication into four interrelated dimensions, which are â€Å"internal line manager communication, internal team communication, internal peer project communication and internal corporate communication† (Welch Jackson, 2007). Internal communication can be mainly categorised in two forms. The first form is managed communication which is the formal communication channels between the management and the employees. The second form, commonly referred to as â€Å"grapevine†, is the informal communication that takes place among colleagues at the workplace (Welch Jackson, 2007). What is an internal communication audit? Katlin Smith, from Urban Words Group, simply describes an internal communication audit as an exercise that would answer two questions, which are â€Å"What are you communicating?† and â€Å"Are you communications effective?† (Smith, 2014). This implies that the audit will set the basis for a SWOT analysis of the internal communications practice of an organisation and in fact, a SWOT is the eight step in Katlin Smith’s Ten Steps for Conducting a communications audit (Smith, 2014). Bob Bullen from Edelman, together with his research group, has â€Å"identified three key steps organizations can take when reviewing their internal communications channels† which are â€Å"Examine any existing research†, â€Å"Collect primary quantitative research† and â€Å"Conduct primary qualitative research†. These steps demonstrate that internal communication audit is similar to any conventional audit, that is, it is a systematic analysis or survey. The difference in this case is that the audit would be examining the data about the internal communication channels and practices and not financial data. Why is internal communication important? As mentioned in the introduction above, there is seems to be a correlation between employee engagement and effective internal communication as pointed out by Bill Quirke in his book â€Å"Making the Connections† (Quirke, 2008). Towers Watson in its latest editions of its â€Å"Change and Communication ROI Study Report† notes that there is a â€Å"continued strong relationship between superior financial performance and effective communication† (Towers Watson, 2014). This conclusion is further expanded as part of the introduction above. Meldrum recent â€Å"Agility: Special Report† demonstrate also that there is a close relationship between how a company embraces change and how effective its internal communication is. The report argues that internal communication practices should adapt rapidly or rather be â€Å"agile† in order to meet the needs of the â€Å"faster and more complex† â€Å"global marketplace† (Meldrum, 2014). Through the above points, we can understand that internal communication if done effectively can result in employees being more engaged thus resulting in more productivity from their part and ultimately to better performance of the company as a whole. We further collect that effective internal communication is a key for a company to successfully embrace and manage changes in its internal and external environments. What are the key trends in internal communication? Social Media is currently the buzz-word around many circles including internal communication. In its 2013 â€Å"Change and Communication ROI Study Report†, Towers Watson notes that â€Å"the best organizations are building a sense that all employees are in it together, sharing both the challenges and rewards of working† (Towers Watson, 2013). This refers directly to social media and the fact that successful companies are seizing the opportunity presented by new technologies to â€Å"build [a] community† of employees in order to be closer to them. Although â€Å"social media is an effective way to build community†, the report however notes that only a little more than half of the companies surveyed are making use of this tool (Towers Watson, 2013). Tom Hank, from the HR Trend Institute, foresees ten ways that internal communication will change (Hank, 2014). Some of his points also re-join the trends of using social media and technology more. He also argues that internal communication would become more â€Å"open multi way†, that is, â€Å"more and more transparency† in the communication between management and employees (Hank, 2014). As noted by many recent studies, (e.g. Meldrum, 2014; Towers Watson, 2013, Rima, 2014), internal communicators will be taking more visible in the organisation in contrast to traditionally being behind the scene. The studies noted also that there would be a need to measure the value that internal communication is bringing to the organisation so as to constantly assess it alignment to the business objectives. Conclusion To be completed.