Fraudulent Chats With Unlike A essays

Fake Chats With Unlike A papers Your remaining in the lunch line and who happens to be before you, yet Natalie Smith, that young lady you can't stand, all that she does just goads you. Indeed, even the idea of her brings these upsetting considerations, that can't be that sound, such as needing to take her by her little, blonde braids and swing her off from the most noteworthy structure, making those little ruddy cheeks recolored with blood, this carrying the greatest smile to your face. Being her bubbly, chipper self, she pivots, gives you the most splendid grin, and goes about as though its a shock to see you. This all follows with one of those phony discussions. Everybody has needed to have one, so I am certain all of you comprehend what I am discussing. You both realize you couldn't care less for each other, however you continue with a benevolent, How have you been? What have you been doing? false discussion. I especially detest when I find these individuals. What I rather do, is go to them and state, I truly don't care for you and I realize you don't generally like me, I could mind less, my life will go on, I truly have no explanation at all to converse with you, so please... move to one side! This obviously is the decent method of putting it. Furthermore, its actually a straightforward answer for escape those hopeless discussions, with the fakes that like to put on fronts. Those individuals that like to be pleasant to everybody. Saying something like this, would most likely set these individuals in their places and they will come to see that possibly not every person is a Mary Poppins daylight all day, every day. You can simply be forthright, you wont need to battle to grin to the individual you most disdain, you wont need to act like you care about what they did during their get-away. In the event that they went para cruising off in Hawaii, except if the little ropes on their parachute snapped and there little, delicate body went slamming down on the chilly, lively water, in a split second slowing down each bone in their body. At that point you would not need to converse with them, however wouldn't need to see their ... <!

safe sex essays

safe sex expositions The demonstration of sex is a mutual joining between two individuals through energetic sentiments, which is planned for reproduction and satisfaction. Safe sex is something that ought to be polished if the two individuals are not hitched and additionally can't deal with the results of their activities. The results incorporate the making of a kid and explicitly transmitted ailments. The main anticipation techniques for avoidance of these two results incorporate the wearing of condoms, female contraceptives, abstinence and medical procedure to make either accomplice clean. There has been a ton of distribution and media consideration given to the subject of high schooler pregnancy since this rate has been drastically been expanding in the course of recent years. This is a direct result of experimentation and the expansion of provocative dress and more acknowledgments of higher sexual cutoff points out in the open. There is additionally the issue of the individuals who do as such as a defiance to their folks leads however this is a progressively uncommon event. Youngsters are progressively powerless against pregnancy as a result of an absence of training in school and at home and an absence of thought given toward the outcomes of their activities. Youngsters additionally represent the biggest bit of premature births in this nation too, which causes trouble over their pace of sexual exercises. Sex is a useful asset for people to have the capacity to follow up on. It has changed the manner in which organizations are run and worked on account of lewd behavior, and furthermore have changed what understudies can and cant wear to secondary schools and primary schools. The expansion in sexual action has likewise prompted a significant increment in the quantity of premature births that are performed. This has prompted an expansion in court disagreements regarding premature birth and mobs over fetus removal. Safe sex is significant in light of the fact that the physical perils can be unimaginably harming and even hazardous. New explicitly transmitted ailments come out regular. Helps herpes, ghoneria, syphilis, crabs and a lot more influence a huge number of peop... <!

Writing Essays Necessity and Fun!

Writing Essays â€" Necessity and Fun! Writing Essays â€" Necessity and Fun! Home›Education Posts›Writing Essays â€" Necessity and Fun! Education PostsMany students do not like writing essays because it is obligatory. Sometimes, students do not like the topic of the essay or even the whole subject. In such cases, even though the topic and requirements may seem simple, writing an essay will turn into a long-term mind torture. To make the whole process of writing your essay both easy and fun, take a look at the following tips.Make a PlanCreate at least approximate outline of your future papers and decide which main points your essay should cover. Also, decide what side you take in your essay. Will you cover positive or negative aspects? However, the most important is to make a strong thesis statement of your paper that may assure at least 30 percent of getting a good grade. If you have problems with the plan or thesis, you can always refer to websites, such as qualitycustomessays.com, that have every piece of informati on you need in free access.Work with InformationThe Internet is one of the most significant help for students, but, sometimes, it can also be a false friend. Do not consider all the information you read as credible. Unfortunately, some people use this cyber source of information with shady thoughts and place absolutely wrong information. To avoid misunderstandings in your paper, use only scholarly sources, and, finally, your professor will be satisfied with your work.Make Your Routine FunWho says that you must work alone on your essay writing all the time? You can make a discussion with your friends and ask their opinions. Moreover, you can do it in the form of a game â€" one person makes an argument while the next one says a counter argument, and, in the end, you decide whose idea was the strongest and what prize the winner will get. Also, the person who had the least strong argument can buy a pizza for the whole company.Remember that even though your essay topic or subject can be boring, a small piece of logic and imagination can make your paper the best one!

Ivy League qué es y qué universidades la conforman

Solvency and Liquidity in Banking - Similarities and Differences Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Liquidity includes cash, credit, and equity but in most cases, the use of credit is preferred by many organizations such as bank rather than cash. The reason behind this is because many financial institutions that do a lot of investments in many countries do prefer to carry the transaction using borrowed cash. Traditionally, many of the consumers who carried business transactions preferred credit cards rather than cash since they were concerned with interest rates that normally make the business or the firm to be stable in the market though liquidity is measured by the money supply in the country. In the United States, the Federal Reserve manages liquidity with the monetary policy tools, the most important tool that it normally uses is fed funds rate which is normally concerned with short-term interest rates. The use of an open market is another tool that is used. It affects the liquidity of the country, for example, when fed fund rate is low, then the capital is easily available to the banks and other financial institutions. Low rates in the United States are recommended since they reduce the risk of borrowing because the return of the fund must be higher than the interest rate (Bucay and Rosen 15). We will write a custom essay sample on Solvency and Liquidity in Banking - Similarities and Differences or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain Free Essays

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain College of Nursing 351: Transitions to Professional Nursing Spring Term 2011 Introduction Leadership in the 21st century has been redefined. As leaders we provide the voucher and guidance to begin the journey, while the managers are the ones who drive the team to the destination. Leadership is something you know when you see it, but is very challenging to describe. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leadership development in the nursing profession is important because it directly impacts the care that is delivered to patients. It is critical that the entire senior leadership have the self-same vision or mental image of what the organization intends to aim for as structure, management and organization in terms of changes for a solid foundation. Leadership Leadership is a blend of personal characteristics, abilities, strategies, and circumstances that enable a leader to influence individuals and organizations to accomplish a goal. Although there is no single formula for becoming a successful leader, some common elements include self- confidence, courage, a clear vision of the goal and how to reach it, the ability to clearly communicate the goal as well as strong personal commitment, and the ability to inspire trust and respect among followers. Leadership differs from management in that leadership is a combination of personal qualities and abilities whereas management is a process. Leaders are more likely to be effective when they use the management process to achieve goals. Managers are more effective when their actions demonstrate leadership qualities; thereby earning the respect and trust of those they manage (Hamilton, 1996). Styles of Leadership Transformational and Transactional leadership styles are two very different methods of leadership in the nursing profession. This paper will compare and contrast these two leadership styles and support that transformational leadership style encourages quality care, job fulfillment and improved patient outcomes. The traditional authoritarian style of leadership the top-down directive approach has largely been replaced with a more democratic and/or participative style, which involves such collaborative behaviors as consulting, discussing, cooperating, or negotiating. No one style is effective for all situations, however, so flexibility is important. For example, an authoritarian approach may be the most effective in dealing with acute situations when decisions must be made and implemented quickly. Rapid technological growth, increased diversity in the workforce, and growing complexity within organizations has led to changes in the way effective leadership is defined. Leadership researchers and theorists define good leadership as â€Å"future-oriented rather than present-oriented and as fostering followers’ commitment and ability to contribute creatively to organizations† (Eagly, 2007). Political scientist James McGregor Burns (1978) described this type of leadership as transformational leadership. Transformational leaders establish themselves as role models by gaining followers’ trust and confidence. They establish the organization’s goals, plan how to achieve the goals, and innovate. As Eagly (2007) explains, â€Å"Transformational leaders mentor and empower their subordinates and encourage them to develop their potential and thus to contribute more effectively to their organization. † Researchers also describe a more conservative type of leadership as transactional leadership, in which leaders establish exchange relationships with their frontline employees. After clarifying objectives and subordinates’ responsibilities, transactional leaders reward those who meet objectives and correct them when they fail to meet objectives. The word politics is a loaded term, heavy with images of shady characters in smoke-filled rooms, wheeling, dealing, and often stealing. But politics is really a neutral term. According to Policy and Politics for Nurses, â€Å"Politics means influencing, specifically, influences the allocation of scarce resources. Politics is a process by which one influences the decisions of others and exerts control over situations and events. It is a means to an end† (Mason et al. , 2002). Becoming influential is something that can be learned, and it has as much to do with attitude as with behavior. Both aspects are necessary (Sullivan, 2004). Becoming influential includes such skills as understanding power and how to use it, communicating effectively, understanding the political process, and dealing with difficult people and situations. Conclusion â€Å"Work hard, play by the rules, be nice, be polite, hold yourself accountable and you will get ahead. Our mothers were right, up to a point. Taking that advice, you do get ahead and your hard work is rewarded until you hit the glass ceiling. Or, as one physician called it, the â€Å"gauze ceiling. † Being the best at what you do is not enough to break through the gauze ceiling into positions of leadership. It’s not enough to have clinical skills; you need political skills as well. Leaders make a difference in their world by influencing others to support the leader’s vision or cause. To make a difference, you need political skills. Everything is political in the work environment, professional organization, community, and government. References Hamilton PM. (1996). Realities of Contemporary Nursing, 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley. Eagley AH. (2007). Female leadership advantage and disadvantage: Resolving the contradictions. Psychology of Women Quarterly 31:1–12. Mason DJ, Leavitt JK, Chaffee MW. (2002). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. Sullivan EJ. (2004). Becoming Influential: A Guide for Nurses. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. How to cite Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain, Essay examples

Strong Corporate Social Responsibility Serves - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Strong Corporate Social Responsibility Serves. Answer: Introduction: The National practices strong corporate social responsibility serves as the guidance to the policies on managing employee by the HR. They help in giving the employee equal opportunity that helps them to do the jobs providing opportunity to all the students, single parents and mature aged workers thereby helping them to sustain the jobs on the long term basis (Armstrong and Taylor 2014) .The Company shall devise plans so that the company is able to measure the performance of the employee and this is crucial for the development of the work force. The Human Resource Management plan which focuses on the managing of employee performances on the following points: In order to manage the employee performance, of the organization the HR plan strategies and policies for measuring and monitoring the plans. It helps in the improvement of the companys performance. The performance is measured in the form of excellence, and setting measures for improvement. This helps in making decisions regarding the compensation, training and promotions. The boarding and training programs will be designated so as to be in line with the corporate governance. The HR is someone who is a specialized trainer competent to recruit the personnel and run the business operation. They focus is on recruiting the local talent and to integrate the practices, system and procedures so as to meet the conditions. The HR helps in providing the role of maintaining the workforce. The HR helps in the training and development. It helps in the on job and specific skill development thereby helps in the better customer care, leadership skills and communication and time management (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). Employee involvement is all about making such an environment for the employee who is empowered so that they can take decisions regarding their jobs. The employees are managed so that they are empowered so that they can take actions for their jobs. In order to perfectly manage the employee, it is important that they can take decisions relevant to their jobs. It is important that the organization is able to retain the employees is creating an environment in which ownership and commitment and fosters an environment to make the employees motivated. The company shall also make performance appraisal in such a way so that there is systematic evaluation of an employees performance. These overriding purposes of the performance appraisal help improvement in motivation among the employees and thus increase their self-esteem. One of those tools used by the companies is the psychometric testing required for promotion decisions and individual development plans put in place .In some of the countries it is legally mandatory to screen the candidate during the selection process so that everyone gets the equal opportunity. Today the multinational recruit the people from different National, thereby focusing on psychological wellbeing, dominance, critical thinking and assertiveness (Messersmith and Wales 2013.). In order to retain the employees it is important that they get sufficient benefits and rewards beyond their salary. It is important to reward and motivate the candidate in addition to the salary so that all the candidates are motivated in giving their performance. Besides the remuneration it is the benefits and compensation given to the employees which shall be clearly coordinated by the HR and properly given to all the employees. The rewards include the commission, salaries, perks and rewards. The HR consultant sees that the business is able to maximize the budget by determining the particular positions to be filled up by the employees, and the particular function which can be outsourced. Thus the consultant is able to review the pay scale; they are also providing benefits to the fianc department (Shields et al. 2015). Stage 3 positions for manage employees performance In order to roll out the Singapore stores, The National practices strong corporate social responsibility has human resource management plan to on board Singaporean staff in their store. At the stage three level of managing the employees of store, they plan to recruit people as a part of their HRM plan so to enable them to do the work appropriately. They have applied the theory at the third stage to manage employee performance thereby they have given opportunity to all the people. They are able to gain advantage by giving employment to all the people including the students, single parents, and disabled and even to mature old aged people so that they can work by themselves. There are three positions for employment in this stage three, firstly, employment to the position of retail assistance is around one eighty people. Secondly for the position of checkout operators are around sixty people. Thirdly, the position for security and loss prevention officer is twelve. This will help in gett ing jobs to all the people in the oganization References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Messersmith, J.G. and Wales, W.J., 2013. Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management.International Small Business Journal,31(2), pp.115-136. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press.

Coun 501 Essay Example

Coun 501 Essay Research Paper: Ethical Dilemas in Counseling Liberty University Abstract Ethical dilemmas will be a constant as we embark into the field of counseling. Whenever human beings are involved there are a range of personality types, beliefs and characteristics that are involved. There are many views of counseling but it is very important to have a world view which captures the gamet of individuals. To be a professional counselor it is important to first know who you are, what your motivations are and morals. A counselor has many roles; they provide guidance, structure, spiritual guidance and counseling. The counselor has a huge respionsibility which includes making clear unbiased judgements, listening without persuading, acountability for the treatment of our clients and guiding without making decisions for them. In short, we are in control of the clients life for a brief or long period of time. We are there to guide the client but who’s guiding us as counselors? The American Association for Counselors is put in place as a code of conduct for the everyday counselor. It was put in place to outline the many moral issues that may come about in the counseling profession. We will write a custom essay sample on Coun 501 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coun 501 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coun 501 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Primarily based on scientific theory and the counselors respinsibility to the client. The American Association of Christian Counselors is s guideline for Christian Counselors put in place to outline the many moral issues that may come about but in contrast its primary focus is the counselor’s responsibility to God. To be a professional, effective counselor it is important to first know who you are, what your motivations are and morals. A counselor has many roles; they provide guidance, structure, spiritual guidance and counseling. A major component of counseling deals with the thinking patterns of the mind that directly leads to behavioral, emotional, spiritual, and relationship changes. A counselor must attempt to become familiar with a client to solve their problems while demonstrating a genuine concern and compassion for the client’s dilemmas. The counselor must be able to make individualized plans for dealing with each client separately, as every client will be different. In summary, the ultimate goal as a counselor is to help others understand themselves and heir existence so they both may reach their full potential. The Webster’s dictionary defines counseling as â€Å"professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods especially in collecting case history data, using various techniques of the personal interview, and testing interests and aptitudes†. The word counseling has multiple meanings, including offering advice and encouragement, sharing wisdom and skill s, setting goals, resolving conflict, etc. Counselors usually probe the past in an attempt to repair the present. A major part of counseling is resolving and restoring conflicts between people. A counselor has many responsibilities which include teaching, advocating, counseling the client, making clear unbiased judgments, listening without persuading, accountability for the treatment of our clients and guiding without making decisions for them. To be an effective counselor, the Counselor must first believe in the client’s ability to change, they must have the ability to empathize and listen; they also have to believe in themselves and methods and last but not least, believe in a â€Å"greater good† of mankind. Other characteristics of a â€Å"good counselor† would be tolerance for intimacy, comfort with power emotional insightfulness and energetic. Other personal qualities that would be helpful are problem centered, creative, flexible, ethical, stable, consistent, self awareness and the ability to control their own lives. There is also essential engaging listening because counseling proper involves speech. Therefore, the major issues surrounding counseling are about the worldviews that inform the conversation. The use of language is very important in counseling because almost all counseling is talk. There are many reasons why one may become a counselor. Some of the main reason being; excitement and satisfaction for helping people change, opportunity for evaluating one’s own life, desire to nurture others, or even joy of seeing others become in control of their lives vs. â€Å"victims†. This job is not for everyone; for instance a person with anger, unresolved issues and habitual relationship conflicts may not fit the role of a â€Å"good counselor†. A counselor would be one with inner peace, spirituality, unselfishness, and stable Frank Parson is considered to be the â€Å"father of counseling†. In the early 1900’s this profession was introduced. It was primarily a â€Å"vocational† development profession that assisted in employment assistance and employment education. It slowly evolved with the help of Carl Rogers and other theorists as a more humanitarian side was explored. Most Counselors were school counselors, teachers and seen as disciplinarians. In the 1970’s the first mental health counselors emerged. In 1989 twenty two states recognized mental health counselors and by 2003 forty eight states recognized the field. From this phenomenon came specialized fields of counseling: marriage and family counseling, psychiatry, clinical psychology, counseling psychology and clinical social work. In the year 2000 on, a new emphasis was on â€Å"counselors dealing with crises†. Trauma and tragedies emerged with heightened violence in the schools and terrorist attacks. Following the growth of counselors came professional organizations in support of this human service field like the American Counseling association, the American Mental Health Counseling Association and the American Association of Christian Counselors. These organizations gave birth to licensure requirements and ethical guidelines to hold the counselors job at a higher standard and to hold the counselor’s accountable for their work. The term Ethics is used to refer to â€Å"standards of conduct that indicate how a person should behave based on moral duties and virtues, which are derived from principles of right and wrong†. Ethics; also known as morality philosophy addresses human morality and issues like how moral values are determined, how a moral outcome can be achieved in specific situations, how moral capacity or moral agency develops and what its nature is , and what moral values people actually abide by. Christian counseling and psychological counseling has its’ comparisons but distinct differences. The goals and motivations of both branches of counseling are also different Christian counseling has many goals, but the primary goal is to help you develop a inherent love for God and people around you. Some Christian counselors believe that the integration of secular psychology and The Bible is a rejection of the Bibles claim to be â€Å"sufficient for us†. Believing this approach to counseling only leads to confusion by blurring the lines between human behavior modification and genuine spiritual sanctity. The Christian counselor’s purpose is to not only help us feel better or find happiness, but to help us grow spiritually for service in God. The Christian counselor also believes that counseling has to be practiced by a person who has a healthy awareness of his own emotions. Christian counselors have to feel appropriate feelings and know when their emotions are over bearing in a given situation. They have to be in touch to what others are feeling and know how to empathize and be sympathetic. Another goal of Christian counseling is to help us face the numerous challenges of life in a way that will always please and glorify the Lord Jesus Christ. The Bible is the counselors main tool. The Holy Spirit gives gifts to the counselor to guide and give hope through the Scripture. Prayer and dependence upon God are essential parts of Christian counseling. Christian counselors have resources for helping you that others do not have; resources that are unique and sufficient. Christian counseling recognizes the importance of the past, the present, and the future in your life. Both walking with God in this life and knowing â€Å"Him†, God in eternity is the Christian counselor’s concern. Using the Scripture in Christian counseling is important and requires understanding your problems from a biblical perspective and then applying steps to biblical solutions to those problems. It will help us get through some of our ethical dilemmas by trusting in a higher power to resolve issues and break down barriers while working with our clients. The counselors who serve in the Christian Counseling know how to bring the Word of God to bear on sinful and hopeless situations. Teaching that hope can be found and change can be accomplished as the Word of God is spoken in the power and working of the Holy Spirit. The Scriptures of both the Old and the New Testaments addresses all the issues facing a person in life. In Christian counseling change takes place first in your heart and mind. Your thinking must be brought into alignment with the Word of God. Biblical counseling focuses on a genuine change of heart not just a change of circumstances or behavior . The Christian counselor believes that Holy Spirit works to sanctify or change the problem in your life . God can change your thinking and behaviors bringing you into complete conformity to Christ. The Christian counselor teaches that as a believer in Christ you have the ability and to glorify God and to live pleasing to Him. Counseling, when blessed by the Holy Spirit, helps you to become pure in heart, to have a peaceful conscience, and to trust God making for a better counselor and a better relationship with him. Christian counseling involves an approach where we have to identify the problem, identify the biblical principle that applies and apply the principle to the problem. The ultimate goal is for an individual to grow closer to God. Understanding the nature and causes of our conflictswill include understanding ways in which stray from the cross in our values, desire, thought, attitudes, actions and choices. Resolving those conflicts, or sin will lead to redemption through Christ. The bible references many Christian counseling principles and characteristics; very similar to the characteristics and principles outlined in the course. The Christian counselor has to be central to God; centered (1 Corinthians 10:31) â€Å"So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God†. The Christian counselor will treat God as central to all of life’s interactions without minimizing the influence of God or treating him as irrelevant or unnecessary; it directly ties all issues to God. All counseling issues are related to God at all levels, and counseling that tries to lead toward healing without dealing with God isn’t helpful. The Christian counselor must also exalt God; exalt (John 16:14) â€Å"How be it when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will show you things to come†. There is no true gratification in counseling if a person becomes functional or reaches their goals without becoming spiritually filled in Jesus Christ because it will not be long lasting. A person will not reach complete self awareness without understanding the condition we would be in without the cross, and without feeling the joy of deliverance. When one is not dependent on the spirit, the counselor knows and knows that it is worthless to attempt to counsel without consulting with the spirit; spirit dependent (Romans 8:13) â€Å"for if you are living according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live†. According to the scripture, the counselor must also be emotionally in touch as stated earlier;(Deuteronomy 32:2) â€Å"Let my teaching fall like rain and my words descend like dew, like showers on new grass, like abundant rain on tender plants†. Self-efficacy and motivation is also important in counseling. Self efficacy is defined as â€Å"self-perceived† ability to successfully complete or perform a particular task. Motivation is directly related to self-efficacy in that if someone perceives themselves as able to handle a situation (high self-efficacy); they will be more motivated to work hard at successfully handling the situation. Someone who has low self-efficacy, or self esteem they will not be very motivated to engage in the task because they fear failure. Secular counseling was created from humanism, and seeks to help a person adjust in difficult and times in their lives. The process may include client education, behavioral techniques, and cognitive restructuring. The result will most likely be some type of adaptation that provides symptom relief. In secular counseling, the problem is often the main focus. With Christian counseling, God remains the focus; one important goal is helping the person to grow a rich and accurate view of God1 specific to that person’s life. This form of counseling, (secular) is big on the person independently finding their way to self awareness through inner qualities. It is opposite of Christian counseling because it doesn’t stress the reliance on Christ of the Holy Spirit. If a client has negative self-views and low expectations in their ability to handle stressful situations, this client will be unmotivated and frustrated not only in therapy to achieve therapeutic change, but also in everyday situations. The Counselor believes that it would be the therapist’s goal to help the client raise their self-view to achieve certain degree of self efficacy to handle stressful and challenging situations. Motivation would then increase directly with more positive self esteem , promoting the client’s belief in themselves and abilities. The counselor focuses on wellness and personal growth and work on helping people to enhance the quality of their relationships. Many clients are in search of meaning and direction in numerous life settings;school, family, and career all of which involve relationships. Empowerment in secular counseling comes through thinking clearly and making wise choices. Unfortunately, problems can become so overwhelming it is difficult to accomplish either one of these without a higher power. The â€Å"secular† counselor will equip individuals with life strategies to help them think, feel, and act differently in order to enhance the quality of your life without God or the spirit. This class has taught me the importance of self awareness, stability in my own life and learning the bible in order to become an effective Christian counselor. The job of counseling involves a great deal of responsibility, patience and education. Since there are so many different versions of therapy and counseling its important for people who consider their faith to be a big part of their lives to feel comfortable with the counselor. Christians seeking therapy will probably have a difficult time with the methods of secular counselors, especially if their advice goes against the principals taught in the Bible. In a world filled with so many challenges and opportunities, Chrisitan counseling is a choice for individuals, couples, and families who wish to grow to the next level of faith and well-being. People from all walks of life will be able to learn the benefits of becoming closer to God and learn how to walk by faith in the Glory of God. It is open to everyone of all races, beliefs and views and it is our job to offer mankind a closer relationship with Godd and to show them God. A big issue that is up for great surfacing in the US is the â€Å"homosexual† community. Do we allow openness on campuses, do we allow people of the same sex to marry, to adopt, to join the military. Among college campuses the homosexual population is growing and there are many people afraid to address the issues of the homosexual community or even acknowledge the group. Vermont is the only state on the verge of allowing the union between gay and lesbian couples. In the rest of the country there is great opposition to same sex marriage. Other gay rights measures are gaining support despite copposition from the conservatives. Eleven states and 124 municipalities have anti discrimination legislation and some school districtcs allowed high school students to form gay-straight alliance clubs. On the military front, the Defense Department is working towards a decline of anti gay harassment but still they defend the don’t ask don’t tell policy. Democrat Al Gore backs anti gay rights measures openly and Georg Bush opposed these measures while in office. Opposition refers to causes that goes against the granting of certain rights and privileges to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people that are typically granted to heterosexual people. Such opposition can be motivated by religious belief, political ideology, and homophobia. The rights and privileges that are opposed are those that do not conform to a heterosexual perspective and include government recognition of rights to civil unions or partnerships, adoption by same-sex couples, access to assisted reproductive technology and access to sex reassignment surgery. People who do not identify with their biological sex are a small group of the population, but the issues they post for law medicine and society are significant. Trans gendered people say they experience wide spread discrimination in employment, housing and other areas. Transgender people are often targeted for hate violence based on their non-conformity with gender norms and/or their perceived sexual orientation. Hate crimes against transgender people tend to be particularly violent. Our best estimates indicate that one out of every 1,000 homicides in the U. S. is an anti-transgender hate crime. This estimation is based on data collected by the national organizers of the Transgender Day of Remembrance and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Organizers of the Transgender Day of Remembrance track the number of transgender people killed each year in hate-based attacks using media articles, community reports and other publically available data. They estimate that at least 15 transgender people are killed each year in hate-based attacks, although we believe the number to be higher based on transgender people’s common fear of going to the police and widespread misreporting. The Federal Bureau of Investigation estimates approximately 14,000 homicides in the country each year. Based on these figures, we can conclude that approximately one out of every 1000 homicides in the U. S. is an anti-transgender hate-based crime. Discrimination rooted in prejudice is a refusal to allow a person of a particular race, religion or sexual orientation to participate in our existing institutions or enjoy the same activities others do. The Bible references homosexuality and same sex relations numerous times; â€Å"If a man lies with a man as one lies with a woman, both of them have done what is detestable. They must be put to death; their blood will be on their own heads. (Leviticus 20:13) and â€Å"Because of this, God gave them over to shameful lusts. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones. In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their perversion†. (Romans 1:26-27). People use B iblical references to justify the maltreatment of certain groups and to cast it out as sin; a practice that has been going on for centuries. Biblical ignorance is an epidemic in the United States. Over the centuries people who misinterpreted the Bible have done bad things justifying it with verses from the Bible. The Bible has been misused to justify hateful crusades throughout history; to support slavery, apartheid, and segregation; to persecute Jews and other non-Christian people of faith; to support the Holocaust; to oppose medical science; to condemn interracial marriage; to execute women as witches; and to support the Ku Klux Klan. Shakespeare said it this way: Even the devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. We’d like to believe that no one of good will would misuse the Bible to support his or her prejudice. But time and time again it has happened with tragic results. Even when we believe the Scriptures are written without error or we take it verbatim its terribly dangerous to think that our understanding of every biblical text is also without error. We are human and we can misunderstand and misinterpret the ancient words of the bible, often with tragic results. On the night he was betrayed, Jesus told his disciples he was going away from them for a while, but that the Father would send them a Comforter, an Advocate, the Holy Spirit who would teach them all things. Christian counselors have a big job to incorporate secular counseling into world view counseling and to tackle these big issues that most people are afraid to tackle. No matter what interpretation one believes Jesus is clear about one thing; love of all humanity. As we search for truth, we are to love one another. The message of God is Love. This is my commandment, Jesus said, that you love one another, as I have loved you. O n this the Bible is very clear. Even if we disagree about what the Bible says about homosexuality or anything for that matter, we can agree that we are commanded by the Scriptures to love God and to love one another. Since God is the God of truth, since Jesus himself told us that the truth would set us free.

Definition of the Term LD50

Definition of the Term LD50 Definition: The median lethal dose of a substance, or the amount required to kill 50% of a given test population. LD50 is a measurement used in toxicology studies to determine the potential impact of toxic substances on different types of organisms. It provides an objective measure to compare and rank the toxicity of substances. The LD50 measurement is usually expressed as the amount of toxin per kilogram or pound of body weight. When comparing LD50 values, a lower value is regarded as more toxic, as it means a smaller amount of the toxin is required to cause death. The LD50 test involves exposing a population of test animals, typically mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, or even larger animals such as dogs, to the toxin in question. The toxins might be introduced orally, through injection, or inhaled. Because this testing kills a large sample of the animals, it is now being phased out in the United States and some other countries in favor of newer, less lethal methods. Pesticide studies involve LD50 testing, usually on rats or mice and on dogs. Insect and spider venoms can also be compared using LD50 measurements, to determine which venoms are the most deadly to a given population of organisms. Â   Examples: LD50 values of insect venom for mice: Honey bee, Apis mellifera - LD50 2.8 mg per kg of body weightYellowjacket, Vespula squamosa - LD50 3.5 mg per kg of body weight Reference: W.L. Meyer. 1996. Most Toxic Insect Venom. Chapter 23 in University of Florida Book of Insect Records, 2001. http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/.

Sociology can be a potent tool for the emancipatory youth worker Essay

Sociology can be a potent tool for the emancipatory youth worker discuss - Essay Example "It is never localized here or there, never in anybody's hands, never appropriated as a commodity or piece f wealth" (1980a, p. 98). Although discourse and practice pre-exist us, we learn to harness them to our own end. The notion f power being located within rules and regulations which are continually adopted and transformed by individual agents is central to Giddens' structuration theory f power (1984,p. 14). Foucault is known for his work analyzing changes in the discourse and practice f discipline and punishment, particularly in relation to education (1977a) but, with the exception f Dwyer's (1995) study f post-compulsory education in Australia, his theories have not had any major impact in adult education (Westwood, 1992). To understand the notion f empowerment and emancipation, we must begin with an analysis f power. This leads immediately to a fundamental problem: If power dictates or produces truth, how do we recognize true statements about power More fundamentally, is truth possible beyond power We may believe, with Habermas, that there is a realm f truth which exists beyond power and which is central to authentic human being, communication, and voluntary social order. Habermas (1984) argues that the "orientation to reaching understanding" is a universal feature f human communication which is central to overcoming self-interest and the domination f economic and political power in our lives (p. 286). This is also the fundamental assumption underlying Mezirow's (1994; 1995) theory f adult learning. Foucault, however, insists that there is no truth without power (1980a, p. 131). It is in and through power that what is known, what is said, what is taken for granted, and what is regarded as the truth a re constituted. The tensions between these two positions are central to the following discussion. It is argued that for people to become emancipated it is important first to be able to distinguish social action deriving from power as opposed to, for example, love and affection. It is also important to distinguish different types f power. This is something which is missing in Mezirow's work. Within a Habermasian framework, understanding how power works is crucial if people are to prevent the colonization and technization f the lifeworld by power and money and develop a society based on free, undistorted communication (Habermas, 1987, p. 183). It is argued here, that for emancipatory learning to reach its full potential, there is a need to go beyond an analytical realist typology f power to a Foucauldian structuralist analysis which helps people understand how they are limited and controlled by discourses and practices (Honneth, 1993; Kelly, 1994). The central tenet f this paper is that empowerment involves people developing capacities to act successfully within the existing system and structures f power, while emancipation concerns critically analyzing, resisting and challenging structures f power. The first section begins with an analysis f empowerment. Empowerment used to be associated with a wide variety f radical social movements (Bookman, 1988; Davis, 1988; Hanks, 1987; Inglis, 1994; Kieffer, 1984; O'Sullivan, 1993; Solomon, 1976; Villerreal, 1988). In more recent years, however, it has been appropriated by organizational

Analyze the reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analyze the reading - Essay Example However, as the natural law demands that each individual respect each other’s space and choices, it is also the requirement of the law that the choice individuals must be within acceptable limits that adhere to ethical and moral expectations. Given the application of the natural law, this analysis paper takes into consideration the theories of blind obedience, antislavery theory, moral truth, natural law ethical theory, and the double effect principle. One exclusion criterion in this paper involves the separation of ethics, morals, and religion. The analysis is philosophical and does not consider ethics and morals as part of religious expectations when considering natural law. In the target text, Second Treatise on Government, the author is observed arguing that the fact that the natural law exists, it is not upon the duty of anyone to be authoritative over one another. Arguing from the creation story from the Holy Bible, the author points that God is the creator of all the universe and controls how humans relate and therefore it not under anyone’s responsibility that humans have to behave in a specific manner dictated by laws and authority. However, when considering the evolution of human ethics and morals, governance developments take into consideration the author’s points that authorities include entities that have the authority and capability of punishing others if found on the wrong side of the law. Law in this case is not natural but takes into consideration the natural law. Since natural law considers everyone equal and having the right to live without being disturbed, the civil law on the other hand aims at controlling how people or members of the society interact with each other as well as punishing those who take the natural law’s rights form others. With the possibility of imprisonment, execution, and hard labor; it is the order of the authorities through constituted law to

Laser And Intense Pulsed Light Therapy

Laser And Intense Pulsed Light Therapy The focus of this assignment is to examine the current legislations applicable to an establishment of a laser or Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) practice within England. The aim is to demonstrate an understanding of the current market and undertake a critical review and evaluation of the range of equipment for the removal of hair and skin enhancement. The equipment is to include treatment of photo rejuvenation, acne and vascular abnormalities. The discussion points will outline the key requirements of the Care Quality Commission (CQC) in registering the use of IPL or laser treatments in a beauty clinic. It is vital to undertake a critical review of the latest advances in laser or IPL equipment on the market, including the types of conditions they can treat, and to ensure the equipment covers skin types 1 to 6 on the Fitzpatrick scale. When consider purchasing IPL or laser equipment for a new clinic discuss what factors need to be consider when selecting appropriate systems. Methodology The methods used to gain information regarding this assignment were secondary from books and websites. By using the search engine Google and taking information from books data was gathered to put this assignment together. Also primary research was carried out when discussing, with other managers, the registration process and equipment used within their establishment. Findings Outline the key requirements of the Care Quality Commission (CQC) in registering premises for the use of IPL or laser equipment. In April 2009 the CQC took over the Healthcare Commission and is established under the Health and Social Care Act (2008). The CQC outline specific standards that are adhered to by each type of independent healthcare provider such as non surgical cosmetic procedures including IPL. By law, certain establishments and agencies providing healthcare in the independent sector must be regulated by the Care Quality Commission (Care Quality Commission, 2009) it is the duty of the CQC to ensure the equipment is properly maintained and all staff involved in the use of the machinery are fully trained to operate it. This is to maintain standards of health and safety towards members of staff and clients. This includes annual checks on the establishments and paper work that includes training certificates and records of clients undergoing treatment. Before beginning the registration process there are requirements that a manager undergoes to ensure the process is dealt with efficiently. These include the set up of the treatment room, customer complaints policy, a statement of purpose, and a medical report, all of which should be written and documented to show proof to the CQC. When setting up a treatment room for the purpose of laser or IPL the area must be suitable for the procedure which includes no reflective surfaces, a cool cabinet or fridge, a treatment bed, room for the machine to manoeuvre, equipment for performing the treatment, razors and a sharps box. The lighting must be to a high standard and a lock on the door means no one could potentially walk in during the treatment. This is to ensure all health and safety measures have been taken to provide a safe working environment. Risk assessment of the laser controlled area is vital and needs to be updated yearly or when any new equipment is acquired. The risk assessment includes PAT testing, treatment room standards, COSHH on the products used and the appropriate health and safety guidelines. When applying to register for the first time the manager must first read the guidance on applying for registration. It is compulsory to complete application forms R1 and R1SOP, along with a self-assessment form available from the CQC website. If it is required to have a registered manager, the form R1A needs to also be completed. When apply for registration, there is a non-refundable application fee. A series of other information is required to fill out the forms mentioned above, which includes a copy of the applicants birth certificate, any certificates of a change of name, a recent passport photograph, a copy of certificates relating to any relevant professional qualification obtained, a copy of each applicants up-to-date curriculum vitae (CV), a medical report, two personal references and a pre-interview self-assessment questionnaire should be filled out sent to the CQC. A statement of purpose consists of information on the intention of the equipment; this should be outlined and u p dated when necessary and a copy should be sent to the CQC. The registration process cannot start until the appropriate fee has been submitted for laser and IPL from then on annual fees are applied. The registration process can then take eight to twelve weeks to complete. Key staff involved in the process of laser and IPL include the manager and owners of the business and the staff who will be operating the machinery. Staff training can be provided by appointed Colleges that have the facilities, alternatively when buying the machinery specific companies provide training. For staff to be eligible for training the minimum qualification is NVQ level 3 or equivalent in the Beauty sector. This is to ensure the therapists using the equipment have a high standard of anatomy and physiology. It is imperative that the employees are trained to a high standard as the equipment can be dangerous. It is the managers responsibility to ensure all therapists are competent and trained in the equipment before providing treatments. The policies needed to ensure the correct standards are maintained include consultation forms, records clinical controls and client protocols. It is the responsibility of the manager and all employees to maintain current accurate records of clients medical history, skin conditions and personal information and to ensure they are signed by both the client and the member of staff performing the treatment. Undertake a critical review of the latest advances in laser and IPL equipment on the market and the types of conditions they can treat. Ensure work covers equipment for skin types 1 to 6 Laser and IPL machines are ever advancing with technology. This provides companies with up to date knowledge and expertise which can enhance the treatments given and adapt to new ones. It is important to discover clients needs and expectations to find a treatment that can help with the majority of concerns. Research is obtained to ensure the products produced will have an impact and be successful. It is vital that the equipment chose by a business appeals to the majority of clients. As there are many different skin types the machinery has a Fitzpatrick Scale (see fig 1) the equipment should cater for all 6 skin types on the chart. The equipment neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12 (ND:Yag) and IPL are the only pieces of equipment that work on all 6 skin types of the Fitzpatrick Scale. See Appendix 5 for a table on a wide range of products that use laser and IPL. This table shows the ND:Yag and IPL equipment is versatile and adaptable to accommodate all skin types. Appendix 1 shows a comparison of the equipment which demonstrates the qualities and uses. It is shown that the IPL works on the upper layers of the skin to aid with skin rejuvenation and hair removal amongst other treatments. IPL treatments are well established and have had many studies and independent surveys performed on them. ND:Yag is the new technology so it does not have all information on long term affects and results. This equipment works on the lower layers of the skin and hair follicle to enhance the treatment. The ND:Yag provides treatments for acne treatment and works more effectively on darker skin types. Lynton are a leading recognised company in the UK providing equipment for the use of hair removal and skin rejuvenation using IPL Laser and ND:Yag technology. Lumina is a piece of equipment that is versatile and works on many skin conditions (see appendix 3) and has options to select from Intense Pulsed Light only or Intense Pulsed Light with laser. This piece of equipment is high powered for fast results and has the flexibility and adaptability to perform well in most businesses. The Lightseries is a piece of equipment that has the latest multifunctional Alexandrite technology (see appendix 4) to perform treatments similar to the Lumina. Both machines have benefits to the business and it would be down to the manager to decide which would be most suitable to the individual clientele. Consider purchasing IPL or laser equipment for a new clinic, include what factors need to consider when selecting appropriate systems When a manager decides to invest in a new piece of machinery there are many factors that need to be considered to ensure the purchase it suitable for the business. There are many points to a new piece of machinery including, latest technology, design, cost and function which need to be researched. Demonstrations from the different companys to provide presentations on the information gathered on the product can be invaluable to making a decision on where to invest. This provides an opportunity for the manager to see the machinery, packages, ask all questions and see a presentation on the results. It is important to gather all information and have written proof of offers; this provides some security with facts and figures, to refer to at a later stage. The company providing the machinery needs to be reputable and information on the companys back ground can be fundamental to evaluate whether an investment is worthy. The longer the company and product have been established can make impact on a managers decision. The company need to provide a good basis of knowledge and results of the equipment to prove its functionality. Independent studies are effective in sourcing information on a product and confirming results produced. Questions such as how likely the machine is to break down, and if it does how easily is it to call out an engineer and have the parts available for replacement should be clearly outlined by the company. It is vital to know how many engineers are close by, how often does it need servicing and how much time will this take away from clients receiving treatments. What is the contingency plan of the company, what happens when it does not go according to plan and how efficient and proactive are the company at providing r esults. What organisations are the company affiliated with and what customer support is provided will prove to a manager that the company are committed to the success of a business. The machine needs to suit a certain criteria including size, design, mobility, presentation and function. The function of the machine needs to appeal to the majority of clients skin types and conditions. From an accounts point of view cost is an important issue. How much are the start up costs, replacement parts, how much are servicing costs and how often are they performed. Profit needs to be considered as to how much could the machinery make for the business, how long before a return will be seen and how much will the marketing and advertising cost. The manager will asses staff training, what is required, how often and where the training will be carried out. The company should explain if the training is an additional cost or included in the cost of the equipment or package. With all of this information a manager can make an informed decision on the investment. Conclusion To summarise, the first task was to research the process of obtaining the permission of the CQC to provide laser and IPL treatments. The legislation process involves a lot of paperwork, time and effort. This venture takes planning and determination from a manager and thorough meticulous, attention to detail. The outcome of the assignment is to show understanding of the different companies that provide equipment and the types of equipment available. With good understanding of what is involved in the decision process a manager can make an informed choice of what is suitable for the business needs. From a managers point of view the information gathered can be the deciding factor on whether or not to invest in such a venture. From this assignment I found it interesting to look at the tasks from a managers point of view and reflect on what I may consider doing in the future to encourage expanding the treatment range available to clients. Bibliography ABC lasers (2010) Home (online) available from www.abclaser.co.uk accessed 1st April 2010 Aesthetic lasers (2010) IPL and Laser (online) available from http://www.laseroffers.com/category/risk-and-safety-issues-in-aesthetics/ipl-and-lasers/ accessed 1st April 2010 Alma Lasers (2009) Alma Lasers (online) available from www.almalasers.com accessed http://www.almalasers.com/products.jsp accessed 28th October 2009 Bickmore, R.H( 2004) Miladys Hair Removal techniques British Medical Laser Association (2010) Medical Laser Resource (online) available from http://www.bmla.co.uk/index.php/medical-laser-resources accessed 1st April 2010 Care Quality Commission (2010) Laser Lights (online) available from http://www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Lasers_Lights.pdf accessed 1st April 2010 Eden Aesthetics (2010) Products (online) available from http://www.edenaesthetics.com/products.php accessed 29 the November 2009 Ellipse (2010) Ellipse Micro light (online) available from http://www.ellipseipl.co.uk/pdfs/Ellipse-MicroLite-Brochure.pdf accessed 13th February 2010 Goldberg, D. (2000), Laser Hair Removal. Martin Dunitz, London Godfrey, S. (2002), Principles and Practice of Electrical Epilation. Butterworth Heineman Lanigan, W.S. (2000) Lasers in Dermatology. London Springer Verlag Ltd. Lucid Training (2010) Core Knowledge (online) available from http://www.lucidtraining.co.uk/coreofknowledgecourses.htm accessed 13th February 2010 Reference Aesthetic lasers (2010) IPL and Laser (online) available from http://www.laseroffers.com/category/risk-and-safety-issues-in-aesthetics/ipl-and-lasers/ accessed 1st April 2010 Care Quality Commission (2010) Laser Lights (online) available from http://www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Lasers_Lights.pdf accessed 13th February 2010 Care Quality Commission (2010) Guidance on applying for Registration (online) available from http://www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Guidance_on_applying_for_registration_Independent_private_and_voluntary_healthcare.pdf accessed 13th February 2010 Care Quality Commission (2009) Guidance for Professionals (online) available from http://www.cqc.org.uk/guidanceforprofessionals/registration/independenthealthcareservices/howtoregister.cfm accessed 28th October 2009 Laser hair removal review(2009) Fitzpatrick Scale (online) available from http://www.laserhairremovalreview.com/comparison.html accessed 29 the November 2009 Lynton (2010) Lumina (online) available from http://www.lynton.co.uk/product_details.php?id=45 accessed 1st April 2010 Appendix Appendix 1 YAG 1064 nm Lasers Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Devices Applications Hair Removal, Photo rejuvenation, Skin Tightening, Active Acne treatment, Telangiectasias (spider veins), Rosacea, Sun Age Spots, Pseudofolliculitis Barbae. Hair Removal, Photo rejuvenation, Sun Age Spots, Rosacea. Efficacy High power to dermis: more energy to follicles, vessels, collagen, sebaceous glands. High power absorption in epidermis: less energy to deep dermal structures. Comfort Less painful due to shorter pulse durations. Painful due to tendency to super heat epidermal melanin. Skin cooling gels or equipment needed. Risk of Side Effects Safe on all Skin Types. all Skin Types. Consumables Few or none. Frequent head replacements (on average after 30,000 pulses), filters and gels annual cost $5,000-$10,000. Aesthetic lasers (2010) IPL and Laser (online) available from http://www.laseroffers.com/category/risk-and-safety-issues-in-aesthetics/ipl-and-lasers/ accessed 1st April 2010 Appendix 2 Lynton New Product information company equipment description use Lynton LP YAG HANDPIECE long pulsed Nd:YAG to add to a LUMINA base system hair removal for darker skin, skin rejuvenation, and leg veins for darker skin Lynton OMNILUX ideal for small treatment rooms, or those just starting out non invasive light therapy. Multiple treatment heads for use on acne, skin rejuvenation, wrinkles, non-melanoma skin cancer and psoriasis. Lynton Q-PLUS SERIES active q-switched Nd:Yag Laser with out puts at 1064nm and 532nm for use on epidermal and dermal pigmentation lesions and multicoloured tattoo fading and removal Lynton Q-PLUS C a single system combining actively Q-Switched YAG and Ruby Lasers providing outputs of 1064nm. 532nm and 694nm. For use on fading and removing tattoos of all colours and treatment of epidermal and dermal pigmented lesions. Lynton (2010) Lumina (online) avalabie from http://www.lynton.co.uk/product_details.php?id=45 accessed 1st April 2010 Appendix 3 Lynton Lumina LUMINA The flexible dermatological tool-box with Intense Pulsed Light, Laser and Q-Switched Laser technology. This clinically proven medical system leads the aesthetic sector in application versatility and revenue capability, with combined Intense Pulsed Light and Laser treatments. LUMINA is unrivalled in its system lifetime and flexibility, treating deep and superficial vascular lesions, unwanted hair, superficial and dermal pigmentation, photo-rejuvenation, active acne and multi-coloured tattoos. LUMINA has many unique features, including integral printer for treatment record keeping, patient database for instant and accurate records and digital imaging, as well as Interchangeable Light Guide (ILG) technology, all in a platform designed to accept application upgrades. Uniquely, LUMINA can be taken as an Intense Pulsed Light only specification at first and upgraded to add further Intense Pulsed Light handpieces and Laser accessories as required onto its compact single platform, givi ng a truly lifetime service. Please note LUMINA Intense Pulsed Light and Laser options require registration with the Care QualityCommission. KEY FACTS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Select from Intense Pulsed Light only orIntense Pulsed Lightwith laser options à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High power for fastresults à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lifetime flexibilityand adaptability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The leading UKaesthetic system Lynton (2010) Lumina (online) avalabie from http://www.lynton.co.uk/product_details.php?id=45 accessed 1st April 2010 Appendix 4 LIGHT SERIES The latest multifunctional Alexandrite, KTP and Nd:YAG Laser Platforms LIGHT Series systems are characterized by the best long pulsed laser technology available today, and the ability to combine multiple wavelengths into a single unit results in an extremely cost-effective system that allows a wide range of treatment possibilities and a rapid return on investment. The LIGHT A is an alexandrite laser at 755nm, the Gold Standard in permanent laser hair reduction for skin types I-IV and pigmented lesions. The LIGHT A* combines long pulsed Nd:YAG and alexandrite, resulting in the most comprehensive hair removal system on the market. It can also operate in short pulsed Nd:YAG mode, which is specifically designed for collagen remodelling and skin rejuvenation. The LIGHT C Long/Short Pulsed Nd:YAG (1064nm) Long Pulsed KTP (532nm) is ideal for practitioners who want to offer a wide range of treatments such as port wine stains, vascular treatments, post-sclerotherapy matting, rosacea, pigmented lesions, hair removal for all skin types, skin rejuvenation and tightening, and leg veins all in one system. Lynton (2010) Lumina (online) available from http://www.lynton.co.uk/product_details.php?id=45 accessed 1st April 2010

Bartolome de Las Casas

American Literature Massacre in the Indies Thesis: The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Intro: The discovery of the â€Å"New World† is portrayed as a wonderful time by almost all Americans on Columbus Day each and every year. If people knew the true story about what really happened as accounted by Bartolome de Las Casas then there would be less celebrating and realization that we, as people, are idolizing a false hero. The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Body: 1. When the â€Å"Christians† arrived to the Indies the Indians viewed them as people from Heaven and soon found out that they were anything but that. A. The amount of food the Christians consumed was unbelievable. For each Christian ate as much food in one day as thirty Indians in one month. B. After the Christians made there way through the villages to the nobles they acted in a way to be considered horrific. They made the rulers watch as they raped their wives with no thoughts of regret in the Christian officer’s minds. 2. It was not long when the Indians decided something needed to be done. They revolted against the Christians but there was no way they could match up to them because while they were using bow and arrows and tomahawks the Christians were using horses, swords and pikes. Brutal raids were implemented on all Indian villages and the Christians used cruel and unusual punishments against them. A. Everyone from pregnant women to children was targeted by these so called Christians. B. Bets were placed by the Christians to see who could cut an Indian’s head off with one swing of the pike as if it were a game. C. Children were taken from their mothers and thrown by their arms and legs into rivers and off the sides of mountains. D. Indians were burned alive in groups of thirteen in remembrance of â€Å"Our Redeemer and His twelve Apostles. E. The hands of some Indians were cut off and tied around their necks as the Christians told them to â€Å"Go now, carry the message,† into the mountains to other Indians who have fled. F. Nobles and Chiefs were treated differently by the Christians, for they were lashed onto a grid of rods and placed on forked sticks then slowly burned in a smoldering fire. One account recalled by de Casas showed four or fiv e nobles latched onto these grids slowly being burned. Their screams were so loud that they were disturbing the captain’s sleep so he ordered them to be strangled but the constable decided to disobey his orders and instead put a stick over their tongues so that they could not scream. 3. While many Indians lives were ended with appalling deaths others were captured and turned into slaves by the Spaniards. More than two million Indians were taken captive and were brought to the island of Puerto Rico to do hard labor. Bartolome de Las Casas American Literature Massacre in the Indies Thesis: The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Intro: The discovery of the â€Å"New World† is portrayed as a wonderful time by almost all Americans on Columbus Day each and every year. If people knew the true story about what really happened as accounted by Bartolome de Las Casas then there would be less celebrating and realization that we, as people, are idolizing a false hero. The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Body: 1. When the â€Å"Christians† arrived to the Indies the Indians viewed them as people from Heaven and soon found out that they were anything but that. A. The amount of food the Christians consumed was unbelievable. For each Christian ate as much food in one day as thirty Indians in one month. B. After the Christians made there way through the villages to the nobles they acted in a way to be considered horrific. They made the rulers watch as they raped their wives with no thoughts of regret in the Christian officer’s minds. 2. It was not long when the Indians decided something needed to be done. They revolted against the Christians but there was no way they could match up to them because while they were using bow and arrows and tomahawks the Christians were using horses, swords and pikes. Brutal raids were implemented on all Indian villages and the Christians used cruel and unusual punishments against them. A. Everyone from pregnant women to children was targeted by these so called Christians. B. Bets were placed by the Christians to see who could cut an Indian’s head off with one swing of the pike as if it were a game. C. Children were taken from their mothers and thrown by their arms and legs into rivers and off the sides of mountains. D. Indians were burned alive in groups of thirteen in remembrance of â€Å"Our Redeemer and His twelve Apostles. E. The hands of some Indians were cut off and tied around their necks as the Christians told them to â€Å"Go now, carry the message,† into the mountains to other Indians who have fled. F. Nobles and Chiefs were treated differently by the Christians, for they were lashed onto a grid of rods and placed on forked sticks then slowly burned in a smoldering fire. One account recalled by de Casas showed four or fiv e nobles latched onto these grids slowly being burned. Their screams were so loud that they were disturbing the captain’s sleep so he ordered them to be strangled but the constable decided to disobey his orders and instead put a stick over their tongues so that they could not scream. 3. While many Indians lives were ended with appalling deaths others were captured and turned into slaves by the Spaniards. More than two million Indians were taken captive and were brought to the island of Puerto Rico to do hard labor.

Global Elite Notes

SOC 189 – #1 Exam 1. Is meritocracy fair? Discuss the pros and cons of our achievement-oriented society. Does it give rise to a meritorious elite? Why or why not? This country was founded on the principle that one’s status in society should be determined by your individual achievements, not by your conditions at birth. The idea is that we are all created equal, with equal opportunities, not results. The concept of meritocracy is essential to our ideas about American exceptionalism.A benefit of using meritocracy is that people are getting credit and success for their achievements – which is something everyone have control over and can do something about. This also creates motivation to work hard among the people. When the people are eager to improve them selves, it increases the level of intelligence in the society. This will result in good leaders, which will hopefully lead the society to success. According to this, meritocracy sounds like a good idea, but it doe s not always have a happy ending.Not everyone is up for hard work and competition, and the competition can easily depress some of us and make them give up in the society. The class stratification can get bigger with this kind of society, with the poor people at the bottom. It will create a winner – looser relationship between people, and many will not be happy. Many may say that it is fair because you get what you deserve, and what you have worked so hard for. But there are also many â€Å"corrupt deals† going on here. School test are supposed to be totally fair, when the smartest and those who score highest is getting in to the best schools.The problem is that the kids with richer families are being prepared for the test by expensive tutors, when kids with less money cannot afford it. Some tests even cost money, so not everyone is getting the chance. The people at the top have found ways to â€Å"cheat† their way up in the meritocracy society, where it is suppo sed to be the ones who deserves it, the best of us who gets the opportunities. Now there is fewer and fewer skillsets that is seen as useful to the society, so fewer and fewer people gets credit and reward for your achievementsIf you work hard, you achieve big. The concept is good, because it gives people a chance to make it in the world by your skills and achievement – things you have control over, instead of your ascribed factors that you were born into like race, gender, culture and family-class. Meritocracy was coined by Michael Young, a british sociologist, political activist and social critic. He introduced the concept in 1958 in his book The rise of the Meritocracy. The winners of this system believes it is fair! Cons: Ability is highly concentrated by the engine of education * Over time, schools have put their seal of approval on a narrower and narrower range of people – and in an earlier and earlier stage * The top people of the hierarchy believe that their ad vancement comes from their own merit, and that they deserve whatever they can get. * And those who fail, are relegated to the bottom of the social hierarchy in addition to being less advantaged, the poor now have to deal with the shame of lacking in merit. People at the economic elite have found ways to cheat their way to the top, using their money to buy their children private tutors to success in schools approval-tests – still fair? Pros: * Gives everyone essentially a fair chance * Gives you credit for your skills and achievement, not by your ascribed factors. * Don’t judge your background * It reward/punish you by something you can control 2. For each of the following five scholars, please describe their contribution to the study of elites: * Laura NaderThere is now a lot of literature on the poor, the disadvantages, women, blacks and various racial/ethnic groups. There is very little literature of the top of the class people. Laura Nadel encouraged anthropologists to †study up† in the early 1970s by writing the book â€Å"Up the Anthropologist – Perspectives Gained From Studying Up† in 1969. This was a try to get anthropologists to think more about the study of the colonizes rather than the colonized, the culture of power rather than the culture of powerless. But not many followed her advice, sociologists who do research on elites can be counted on two hands.Nader thinks it’s important to study elites because it is an important contribution to any study of inequality – whether down, sideways, or through (1972). * Gaetano Mosca Elite rule is not a moral question, but a social fact. Most societies are ruled by a small number of individuals – and Mosca called this minority the â€Å"ruling class†. Mosca was the first to make a systematic distinction between elite and masses. He says that in every society, it appears two classes of people: A class that rules and a class that is ruled.The rule rs class is small in number, performs all political functions, monopolizes power and enjoys the advantages that power brings. The ruled class, the masses, is directed and controlled by the rulers – in a manner that now is more or less legal, arbitrary and violent. He believes that this class was made distinctive by their superior organizational skills – they were organized. Elites superiority was learned, not inherited. And therefor he suspected it to be more circulation of elites, than reproduction * E. Digby Baltzell Baltzell studied American businessmen of colonial stock.Baltzell believed that the elites ancestors had come to America as poor immigrants and they seized whatever economic opportunities they could. They were the Robber Barons – rising above the rest of the society, living in big mansions, employed servants and socialized in exclusive clubs. They educated their children in private schools, entered the professions and travelled to Europe while stea dily setting themselves apart from ordinary Americans. Snobbete mann, men pa rtoss av det kom han med en god kritisk evaluering av eliten – grunnen til at de har holdt seg sa sterke er fordi de incorporate new immigrants into it ranksBaltzell provided a powerfully critical assessment of American society and the elites that ruled it. He believed that the Protestant Establishment was especially powerful, because it incorporated new immigrants and less wealthy people into its ranks: the more a ruling class is able to assimilate the most prominent men of the dominant classes, the more stable and dangerous it becomes(Karl Marx). * Niccolo Machiavelli Was an Italian historian, politician, diplomat, writer and philosopher. He wrote The Prince in 1532, where he is positive to political elite theory.He means that masterful leaders can be enormously cunning, resourceful and influential. Political parties, masses and interest groups are all controllable: a leader who knows how to use hi s resources wisely can be powerfully independent. In The Prince, he writes that the prince (a leader) should be a strategic man, willing to be ruthless, be powerful – an independent leader. * Pierre Bourdieu Bourdieu examined the way culture, cultural consumption and lifestyles reproduce the privileged positions of the upper class in France, and not only reflect them.He wondered how class structure could be reproduced across generations, when school systems use meritocracy principles to reward people. He found that different classes have different ways of being in the world – he called it Habitus (ways of being). Bourdieu sees Cultural Capital as class-specific cultural codes and practices. The Habitus of the family is passed onto children in the social environment of the home. Children who gets exposed to elite culture at home are advantaged in the school system as teachers reward being conversant in the dominant culture – and that’s how the elite classe s gets reproduced.Culture reproduces class positions. People are looking for â€Å"the right culture background† in others, and reward people for this. 3. Some argue that an economic oligarchy is on the rise in America today. What do you think? Use empirical evidence to substantiate your claims. The economic elite are the 0. 1% – 1% of the elites, and today economic elite power is on the rise. The divide between the very wealthy and everyone else is increasing on a worldwide scale, and it has done this since the 1980s. Elites are the engines of inequality, and the balance of power is skewed heavily and increasingly in their favor.This is not the first time in US history that we have worried about a rise of an oligarchy; The Gilded Age (1870s-1890s) marked the speedy rise of a very wealthy and increasingly exclusive economic elite in the US. They were driven by a lust for money, and had wealth in railroads, manufacturing, mining, oil and land. The elites were ruthless, egoistic and cruel. Many scholars now speak of a new gilded age in America. We have again a big lust for wealth, speculation and unethical business behaviors. But there is also some differences; 1. Todays elites are wealthier 2. They are increasingly concentrated in the financial sector 3.They are more diverse and international 4. They are more likely to be self made, not made from inherited fortune Over time, much greater income and wealth went to the top percent of the people. The top get paid better, get a bigger piece of the income-cake. They are also doing better than the rest of us other vice; better health, more optimistic, better chances of sending children to college, better life quality in general. They are opportunity hoarders, of opportunities that gives better life chances. This is also passed on in the family – if father is rich, it is a big chance that the son as well will become rich.The economic elite dominates the government in many ways, to keep the rise of the oligarchy steady: * The special interest process: through financial support and extensive lobbying, they are able to gain government favors, tax breaks and regulatory ruling what protects their interests. * Policy making process: influence public policy makers through media connections etc. Business experts and advisors are appointed to government committees. * Appointments to government: The high-level government appointees are often chosen from the ranks of the business elite.They fund and influence members of the Congress. The economic elites also maintains by reproducing and circulating themselves. They reproduce by having the same cultural background (same elite schools, same world beliefs, hanging out at the same places, listen to the same music etc – and this is learned into the child from the family). They circulate between positions by sitting on the boards of many organizations at the same time (we often se the same person being in top at both an political and economic leadership organization. They circulate horizontally).Robert Michels is positive to elite leadership: Elite rule is inevitable in modern, bureaucratic organizations. Direct democracy is an impossibility, and organizational imperatives makes elite rule inevitable regardless of the ideological orientation of leaders. The masses are necessarily incompetent, and their large size makes organization impossible There need to be leaders. This is the Iron Law of Oligarchy. Elite leadership is a technical requisite of all modern bureaucracies. It would be chaos with only masses and democracy, and no leaders. Veblen argues against elite leadership.He means that all the winners in societies have forced the losers to perform degrading and difficult tasks – that again have been the functionally and more important tasks in society. By contrast, elites seem to define themselves by their leisure and consumption(fritid og forbruk). Mosca: The power elite is a social fact, but also a s ocial problem. It’s a social problem because of it’s circulating and reproducing factors and their similar characters – they think alike, have similar social and cultural backgrounds, similar opinions and points of view.They have made a winner-takes-it-all society that they all benefit from, so they work hard together to make it stay that way. The top elite makes the American Dream fade for the rest 99% of society. The American upper class is different from the European upper class; it is made up from successful businessmen and lawyers. They are also closely connected to each other, by a shared education, common patterns of socialization, social networks and therefor have similar mindsets. Economic Oligarchy on the rise in America today Empirical evidence: the top 1% of the population gets 17% of all the wealth * top athletes win dozens of sponsorship deals, while competitors that finish seconds behind struggle to attract a single deal. * America has become a wi nner-take-all society; very few winners take a large chunk of the economic pie, leaving the rest with much less to share. * The oligarchy is rising worldwide * Massive expansion of income concentration beginning in the 1980s * Thousands have become unemployed since 2008, while CEOs have continued to receive bonuses and wage increases. Many have lost their retirement savings when the market crashed, while the economic elite continued to enjoy the Bush tax cuts and boosted their life savings. Two arguments for Elite rule: 1. Human nature: * Human beings are inherently different in talents and abilities * Those who have the most of a certain kind of ability constitute some kind of an elite 2. Social organization: * Elites are necessary for a large social organization to function * Elitist tendencies are found in political organizations, trade unions and bureaucratic firms * Complex organizations need trained and experienced leaders.Tell my opinion and experiences! 4. For each of the fo ur concepts below, please describe the concept, identify an author that is associated with it, and describe its significance for the study of elites: * Iron law of oligarchy With Michels in the front this represents the conflict between democracy and oligarchy. He meant that the masses are incompetent and democracy will only lead to chaos in organizations. In that way the oligarchy is inevitable and elites are necessary for an organization to work. Mosca? s opinion is that ruling elites are a social fact, which means that there will always be a ruling class in a society.He characterized them as superior and distinctive. He meant that the ruling elite behavior was learned and not inherited. Therefor it is more circulation than reproduction in the elite class. The ruling class is good to organize comparing to the masses and therefore it will always exist. * Culture of critical discourse Gouldner. The culture of critical discourse (CDD) is characterized by speech that is relatively mor e situation-free, more context of field â€Å"independent†. is an historically evolved set of rules, a grammar of discourse.The culture of critical speech requires that the validity of claims be justified without reference to the speakers societal position or authority. The new class is the intellectual elite Maten a snakke pa, v? re pa uten a nevne deg selv (v? re objektiv) – den nye eliten er intellektuell elite. 2 nye eliter I dag, intellektuell og teknologisk(beste I sitt felt). Nar man argumenterer for sine mater a se verden pa, gjor man det uten a snakke om sin egen mate a se verden pa – det skulle v? re riktig, faktum, ikke ha noe om hvor man kom fra. Det er det man sier som betyr noe, ikke bakgrunn.Ny mate a se pa verden pa, ikke ekskluderende men vil mingle med resten. Vil holde seg over andre ved eget sprak, men slipper andre inn hvis de jobber hardt nok. * Allegory of the cave Plato. Who could be the just ruler of society? The just ruler has to know t he truth, be responsible and willing to make sacrifices that need to be made to be the leader. The story: people in a cave looking at shadows – believing this is the truth and the real world, one is released and get to get out to see the truth. You need to be released from the dominant chain of looking at the world – the masses, and when you are released THEN you can se the truth.True leaders needs to go back and lead the people into the truth. May face death and humiliation. Who are the just leaders? * Graveyard of aristocracies Pareto argues that people are unequal physically, as well as intellectually and morally. In society as a whole, and in any of its particular strata and groupings, some people are more gifted than others. Those who are most capable in any particular grouping are the elite. Meritocracy. Circulation of elites, skills going lost because society and it needs changes. 5. Who governs America? Describe three contrasting positions that we talked about in class.Which of these three do you find most compelling in characterizing the American political elite? Why? Given the existence of economic inequalities, who actually governs in democratic societies? We find three conflicting answers in literature: Pluralist view: Political parties organize the unorganized; they give power to the powerless – elites represent majority will Interest group view: Political parties are nothing more than a collection of interest groups – elites represent group interests Oligarchy argument: Democracy is a mere facade, political elites represent the interests of social and/or economic elitesC. Wright Mills believes that it is the Power Elite who rules America. The Power Elite is composed of a big business, leading military officials, and members of the executive branch of government. They make key decisions them between, circulate between positions and share similar cultural/political views. They are interconnected by similar social backgro unds, shared education and their positional interests. By these factors, they manage to rule America by sharing the same opinions in decision-making. Obama – charismatic

David Humes Distinction Between Natural and Artificial...

In David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature, he divides the virtues of human beings into two types: natural and artificial. He argues that laws are artificial and a human invention. Therefore, he makes the point that justice is an artificial virtue instead of a natural virtue. He believed that human beings are moral by nature – they were born with some sense of morality and that in order to understand our â€Å"moral conceptions,† studying human psychology is the key (Moehler). In this paper, I will argue for Hume’s distinction between the natural and artificial virtues. Hume believes that natural virtues are instinctive and are more intrinsically motivated than natural virtues. He believes that natural virtues are like moral instincts†¦show more content†¦Hume regards these external goods as the main cause of conflict in a state of nature. He discusses limited generosity and scarcity of resources to show how essential artificial virtues, in partic ular, justice, is to maintaining order, control, and a manner of living in social harmony. Hume claims justice to be an artificial virtue; he denies that there is anything natural or rational about justice at all. Unlike Hobbes, he denies the any element of reason by which humans leave the state of nature as well. He states that justice is systematic, and thus cannot be explained by the natural virtues, which include self-interest or benevolence because if justice consisted of self-interest then we would not obey it if it were not in our best interest to do so. If it consisted in benevolence, then we would not obey it if someone wanted to take from the poor to give to the rich. Hume believes that â€Å"the idea of justice will arise and manifest itself in conventions† which is â€Å"a rule that prescribes how one should act in a particular situation of interaction† (Moehler). Conventions are not promises or contracts, but are real agreements between individuals who sho w their agreement by following them; they are implicit and behavioral. As Michael states, Hume believes that they evolve over time from self-interest and the understanding that reciprocal behavior is likely to beShow MoreRelatedThis Essay Will Examine The Differentiation That David1140 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferentiation that David Hume poses between natural and artificial virtues. I will  first explain  what Hume considers as a sense of virtue and whether this sense of virtue is natural. Then, I will discuss four distinctions he made between natural virtues and artificial virtues. I will discuss Mackie’s objection against one of Hume’s distinctions and argue why Mackie’s objection is ineffective. Finally, I will present a possible objection that concerns Hume’s third distinction, consider how Hume mightRead MoreJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 Pages27 of the  Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone has the right to t he protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.[32]  Although the relationship between intellectual property and  human rights  is a complex one,[33]  there are moral arguments for intellectual property. The arguments that justify intellectual property fall into three major categories. Personality theorists believe intellectual property