Project Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Recommendation - Essay Example The company has commenced investment in the project and lack of implementation may lead to substantial monetary losses. One way of dealing with uncertainty is employment of pretested technology. This may be a plus for the Project Stargazer as its research and development has been going on for a while. The return on investment determines the profitability of implementing the Project Stargazer through assessment of monetary implications of the funds and schedules. When the magnitude and timing of investment in the Project Stargazer is gauged and the timing of investment gains is directly proportional to the magnitude and timing of costs, a high return of investment is identified. This indicates that the gains associated with this project compare favorably to the implementation costs. This return of investment clearly shows that the project will not only be profitable, but also use the funds directed at it efficiently. The project will break-even when the total sales and revenues equalize the total expenses associated with the Project Stargazer. At this point, no losses or profits will be associated with the project, though with a high return on investment, the project is likely to break-even with ease. The product that is associated with this project is also innovative and has not been introduced in the market before. Developing and marketing such a product will be beneficial to the company as it will be developed for the first time. Success of the Project Stargazer might also pave the way for the company to market a variety of other products in the future. Project conception: The project Stargazer has already been researched and its development is already in progress. Previous analysis suggests that implementation of the project will benefit the company and chances of successful completion are high. Definition and planning: After the company approves the development of the project, a project plan outlining the

Black Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Black Enlightenment - Essay Example The role of Black intellectuals in the era of Black Enlightenment is extraordinary. Some of the prominent Black intellectual of the time were Phillis Wheatley and Benjamin Benneker. Phillis Wheatley was like a role model not only for the African Americans but also for the White Americans. She had transformed from a slave into a highly confident, courageous, and intellectually enriched poet and analyst. Phillis Wheatley wrote a letter to an American Indian minister named Samson Occom in 1774. At that time, tensions between England and the American colonies had increased. In her letter, Phillis Wheatley expressed her desire and need for personal liberty, natural rights, and establishment of the divine order. She believed that emergence of order in Africa and Christianity would mutually result in termination of the Atlantic trade of slaves. â€Å"How well the cry for Liberty, and the reverse Disposition for the exercise of oppressive Power over others agree, I humbly think it does not require the Penetration of a Philosopher to determine† (Wheatley cited in Gates 1987 p. 77). ... â€Å"decidedly negro† from his appearance, Benjamin Banneker mastered the Greek and Latin languages and alongside acquired good knowledge of French and German using his white neighbor’s library. Benjamin Banneker referred to the Declaration of Independence in these words holding Thomas Jefferson accountable for the continued existence of Black slavery in America, â€Å"You were then impressed with†¦the free possession of those blessings, to which you were entitled by nature; but, Sir, how pitiable is it to reflect, that although you were so fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of Mankind, and of his equal and impartial distribution of these rights and privileges. . . that you should at the Same time counteract His mercies, in detaining by fraud and violence so numerous a part of my brethren, under groaning captivity and cruel oppression† (Banneker cited in Wallenfeldt 2011 p. 24). Black Enlightenment was the age when Black people came to realize through personal experience and witnessing that if they establish close ties with religion and education, they can solve their problems and work toward establishing a respectable lifestyle for themselves on equal basis with the White Americans. Although Black intellectuals had to overcome a lot of obstacles and muster up a lot of courage to speak on national and international platforms, yet with their courage and determination, they took such measures that left a powerful effect on the psychology and understanding toward the Black people of the White Americans. Black churches were not only the places of spiritual rejuvenation and practice of religious festivals, but also serves as places of union for the Black community where they could share their experiences and give each other love and hope. To conclude, Black

Internal Communication Audit Example

Internal Communication Audit Example Introduction In general, internal communication refers to any kind of verbal and non-verbal communication between members of an organisation (Neuroni et al., 2008; Welch Jackson, 2007). Furthermore, from a strategic perspective, internal communication can be defined as â€Å"communication between an organisation’s strategic managers and its internal stakeholders, designed to promote commitment to the organisation, a sense of belonging to it, awareness of its changing environment and understanding of its evolving aims† (Welch Jackson, 2007). Bill Quirke, one of leading authorities on internal communication, noted that â€Å"when employees understand their overall role in the business, 91 percent will work towards that success, but the number plummets to 23 percent if they don’t† (Quirke, 2008). This reflection shows that an effective internal communication strategy enables the business to secure the engagement of the employees and subsequently achieve success. A recent study from Towers Watson further supports the fact that internal communication is a key component to the business performance (Towers Watson, 2014). The study concludes that â€Å"companies with high effectiveness in change management and [internal] communication are three and a half times more likely to significantly outperform their industry peers than firms that are not effective in these areas† (Towers Watson, 2014). In today’s world of constant change and evolution, organisations are recognising the need to reshape and strengthen their internal communication strategy and use it as a driver to adapt and manage the continuous change (Melcrum, 2014). Our study will try to examine to what extent the above paradigms apply to the specific context of Capital Horizons, a financial company in Mauritius. Purpose and Objectives of the study Our study will perform an internal communication audit of Capital Horizons, which is a systematic analysis of the all internal communication practices within the company, their alignment with the communication strategy and overall business strategies. The internal communication audit of Capital Horizon will mainly focus on the below objectives: Identification of strengths and weakness of the company’s internal communication system Recommendations for improving the communication system at the company Literature review What is internal communication? In addition to the definitions of internal communication given in the introduction above, there are many other concurrent definitions from scholars and professional in the field of internal communication. One of the most famous definition cited numerous time is that from Frank and Brownell who define it as â€Å"the communications transactions between individuals and/or groups at various levels and in different areas of specialisation that are intended to design and redesign organisations, to implement designs, and to co-ordinate day-to-day activities† (Frank Brownell, 1989). Rachel Miller, from allthingsic.com, has a more simplistic definition of internal communication as â€Å"communication inside an organisation between a company and its audiences.† The internal audiences of a company would include all the stakeholders within the company such as those inferred from Frank and Brownell’s definition of internal communication (Frank Brownell, 1989), that is, the employees, the supervisors, the different levels of managers, the executives and c-level executives. In fact, Welch Jackson categorise the stakeholders of internal communication into four interrelated dimensions, which are â€Å"internal line manager communication, internal team communication, internal peer project communication and internal corporate communication† (Welch Jackson, 2007). Internal communication can be mainly categorised in two forms. The first form is managed communication which is the formal communication channels between the management and the employees. The second form, commonly referred to as â€Å"grapevine†, is the informal communication that takes place among colleagues at the workplace (Welch Jackson, 2007). What is an internal communication audit? Katlin Smith, from Urban Words Group, simply describes an internal communication audit as an exercise that would answer two questions, which are â€Å"What are you communicating?† and â€Å"Are you communications effective?† (Smith, 2014). This implies that the audit will set the basis for a SWOT analysis of the internal communications practice of an organisation and in fact, a SWOT is the eight step in Katlin Smith’s Ten Steps for Conducting a communications audit (Smith, 2014). Bob Bullen from Edelman, together with his research group, has â€Å"identified three key steps organizations can take when reviewing their internal communications channels† which are â€Å"Examine any existing research†, â€Å"Collect primary quantitative research† and â€Å"Conduct primary qualitative research†. These steps demonstrate that internal communication audit is similar to any conventional audit, that is, it is a systematic analysis or survey. The difference in this case is that the audit would be examining the data about the internal communication channels and practices and not financial data. Why is internal communication important? As mentioned in the introduction above, there is seems to be a correlation between employee engagement and effective internal communication as pointed out by Bill Quirke in his book â€Å"Making the Connections† (Quirke, 2008). Towers Watson in its latest editions of its â€Å"Change and Communication ROI Study Report† notes that there is a â€Å"continued strong relationship between superior financial performance and effective communication† (Towers Watson, 2014). This conclusion is further expanded as part of the introduction above. Meldrum recent â€Å"Agility: Special Report† demonstrate also that there is a close relationship between how a company embraces change and how effective its internal communication is. The report argues that internal communication practices should adapt rapidly or rather be â€Å"agile† in order to meet the needs of the â€Å"faster and more complex† â€Å"global marketplace† (Meldrum, 2014). Through the above points, we can understand that internal communication if done effectively can result in employees being more engaged thus resulting in more productivity from their part and ultimately to better performance of the company as a whole. We further collect that effective internal communication is a key for a company to successfully embrace and manage changes in its internal and external environments. What are the key trends in internal communication? Social Media is currently the buzz-word around many circles including internal communication. In its 2013 â€Å"Change and Communication ROI Study Report†, Towers Watson notes that â€Å"the best organizations are building a sense that all employees are in it together, sharing both the challenges and rewards of working† (Towers Watson, 2013). This refers directly to social media and the fact that successful companies are seizing the opportunity presented by new technologies to â€Å"build [a] community† of employees in order to be closer to them. Although â€Å"social media is an effective way to build community†, the report however notes that only a little more than half of the companies surveyed are making use of this tool (Towers Watson, 2013). Tom Hank, from the HR Trend Institute, foresees ten ways that internal communication will change (Hank, 2014). Some of his points also re-join the trends of using social media and technology more. He also argues that internal communication would become more â€Å"open multi way†, that is, â€Å"more and more transparency† in the communication between management and employees (Hank, 2014). As noted by many recent studies, (e.g. Meldrum, 2014; Towers Watson, 2013, Rima, 2014), internal communicators will be taking more visible in the organisation in contrast to traditionally being behind the scene. The studies noted also that there would be a need to measure the value that internal communication is bringing to the organisation so as to constantly assess it alignment to the business objectives. Conclusion To be completed.

Favorite Norse Myths :: essays research papers

Favorite Norse Myths Published by: Scholastic Inc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.) The Types of stories found in this book are based on Norse Mythology. They contain information on the creation of the Earth, (Midgard), and some of the trials that the gods and goddesses had gone through.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.) One of the myths that I enjoyed was the first one on creation, entitled: Creation: The Nine Words. This story tells us how in the beginning there was nothing other than fire, ice, and mist. The land with all the ice was called Niflheim, and the land of fire was Muspell. As time went on, Muspell melted Niflheim, and from that came two giant creatures. One of them was named Ymir, and he was an evil frost-giant, and the other was a cow named Audumla. Ymir drank Audumla milk to get stronger, and one night, while sleeping, a troll with six heads grew from his feet, and a male and female frost-giant came from his armpit. Audumla also brought something to life, as he licked the salt blocks for food, he recovered another giant. This giant was a good giant, and his name was Buri. His sons and grandsons became gods, because they were very honorable. The greatest of Buri’s grandsons was Odin. Odin was the greatest of all the gods, and he was the god of war and death. Odin and his wife Frigg, goddess of knowledge, and also knew what happened in the worlds, had many children. Odin was a lso the one who led his brothers to overthrow Ymir, and they eventually killed him. After killing him, different parts of his body became different parts of nature. His flesh became the world, his blood became the seas, his bones became the mountains, and his hair and teeth became the trees and stones. Now his blood, that made the seas, drowned all but two of the frost-giants, and they repopulated the frost-giants, witches, warlocks, enchanters, and ogres, and taught them to hate Odin. They lived in Jotunheim. The worms in the Earth, Ymirs flesh, were turned onto dwarves, and the dark elves. The dwarves lived in Nidavellir, and the dark elves lived in Svartalfheim. There were also some nice creatures, and they were the elves, who lived in Alfheim. Odin took Ymirs skull and made it the sky, and places four dwarves in each corner of the sky. Nordri, Sudri, Austri, and Vestri; North, South, East, and West.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Prologue

Ella I wonder if I can fly? With the wind and rain in my hair and my arms out to the side of me, it feels like it might be possible. Perhaps if I can get enough courage to jump off the thin ledge, I'll soar away into the night, like a bird with powerful wings. Maybe then I could reunite with her. â€Å"What are you doing?† Micha says, his voice higher than normal. â€Å"Get down from there. You're going to hurt yourself.† His aqua eyes pierce me through the rain and his hands are on the beams above his head, hesitant to climb out onto the ledge. â€Å"I don't think I will,† I say. â€Å"I think I might be able to fly†¦ just like her.† â€Å"Your mom couldn't fly.† He balances onto the railing and glances down at the murky water far below our feet. â€Å"What are you on?† â€Å"I took one of her old pills.† I tip my head back and bask my face in the rain. â€Å"I just wanted to see what it was like for her. Why she thought she was invincible.† He steps down on the beam with his arms spanned out to the side and his clunky boots slip on the wet metal. The lightning flashes above our heads and collides with the earth. â€Å"Your mother didn't know better, but you do.† Bracing one hand on the metal wire above our heads, he extends his other hand toward me. â€Å"Now come over here. You're scaring the shit out of me.† â€Å"I don't know if I can,† I say softly, raising my head back up as I rotate to face him. â€Å"I'm not sure if I want to.† He dares a step closer and his thick eyelashes blink fiercely against the down pour. â€Å"Yes, you do. You're stronger than that.† His hand begs me closer. â€Å"Please, just get over here.† Staring down at the black water, my body starts to drift. â€Å"I swear to God, Ella!† Micha shouts, his tone sharp, his muscles tense. â€Å"Give me your hand!† I snap out of my daze and tangle my fingers with his. His other hand captures my waist and he leads us swiftly back to the railing, lifting me over it. My feet settle onto the concrete of the bridge that is pooled with puddles. Lights on the beams illuminate the night and Micha's car is parked in the middle of the bridge with the driver's door open and the engine and headlights on. He hops over the railing and then his arms are around me, embracing me securely, like he's afraid to let go. For a second, it feels okay, weightless and uncontrolled. I tuck my face into his chest, the wet fabric damp against my chilled skin. The scent of him takes me to a place I wish I could go back to – my childhood. Back when things weren't as heavy because I was too immature to grasp the full reality of life. Micha pulls back and smoothes my wet hair out of my eyes. â€Å"Don't you ever do that to me again. I can't do this without you.† But he needs to figure out life without this perception of me, because I don't know how long I can keep doing it without drowning. â€Å"Micha, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The look on his face silences my lips. He knows what I'm about to say – he always does. He is my best friend, my soul mate. In a perfect world, full of roses and sunshine we'd be together, but this world is full of broken homes, drunken fathers, and mothers who give up easily. â€Å"I'm sorry.† I cling to him as I say my final good-bye. â€Å"I didn't want to think anymore. It was just too much and my mind wouldn't slow down. But it's alright now. I can think clearly again.† He cups my cheek, his thumb searing hot as he traces the pad lightly across my cheekbone. â€Å"Next time come to me – don't just run. Please. I know things are hard right now, but it'll get better. We've always made it through every single bad thing thrown at us.† Beads of water trickle in his eyelashes, along his cheeks, over his full lips. There's a shift in the air, one I've felt coming for a long time. His lips part. â€Å"Ella, I love – â€Å" I crush my lips against his, hushing him and melting our bodies together. I allow his tongue to caress mine, letting him suck the rain from my bottom lip and savor the taste of me. We arc into each other, like we can't get enough and heat flows through our drenched clothes, warming my skin. I could let it go on forever, but that would be wrong. The girl he thinks he loves needs to disappear. I don't want tonight to be irreversible, so I pull away, breathing him in one last time. Then I walk away, leaving him on the bridge in the rain, along with the old Ella.

My Personal Story

My Personal Story Chapter 1: Elementary School Years (K-6) All of my elementary school years were spent in Ridgewood, New Jersey. I remember going to school everyday at Somerville Elementary. This is only significant because there were a bunch of different schools, all obviously having to do with where you lived. I think there were like 5. But also, all of my friends went there. It was me, Peter English, Dougie Burek, Ryan Monroe, Cooper Shreve, Matt Myatt, Ned Winner, Frank Melli, Brian Wennersten and Michael Springer. Somehow every year, at least 2 or 3 of us were always in the same class. I guess I was well liked back then, by both my peers and teachers, as I was always chosen to be the lead in plays, and to represent the class at things. In fact I gave an Oscar winning performance Santa in my 2nd grade play, Santa and his magical computer. I was chosen to play the role of â€Å"Old Man† in a play about China or something, don't really remember to be honest. But I did everything with those guys. We were always playing football, basketball, wiffle ball or something in someone's backyard. In terms of learning during this time, it was all at a moderate pace, and I don't really remember having any problem keeping up. My Mom used to take me Hackensack Hospital, a learning center for people who had trouble learning at a normal pace. I never understood why I went there, until my parents told me I had a learning disability, which to me just meant I needed to work harder. My ADHD didn't really affect me in my daily life, I just remember getting really hyper from time to time, and that was remedied by being given But when it came to grades, I did pretty well, earning all Es (excellents) and Gs (Goods), with like one S (satisfactory) in handwriting. I actually was made a teacher's helper in both 4th and 5th grade, which meant I got to help grade papers, and help kids with their math, spelling, etc. Also, I was picked for Critical thinking, which was a big deal because only the â€Å"smartest† kids got picked for that, and there you got to talk about advanced things like, geometry and books that you had read. Otherwise, I remember my elementary school years for the sports I played. I played Little League Baseball, Soccer, and Biddy Basketball. My mom wouldn't let me play because she thought, despite me being one of the bigger kids in school, that I would get hurt. I was on travelling all-star teams for all of the sports, and was thinking about sports 24-7 then. I played in 3 basketball leagues at a time, Biddy, YMCA, and my All-star team. In 4th grade my dad coached both my Biddy team, and my all-star team. I still like to give him a hard time about taking me out of a tournament game against Neptune, NJ where I scored the first 8 points of the game, in fact our only 8 points in the quarter to keep us in the game! Then he left me out until the 4th quarter. We ended up losing by 22 points. 22! I was feeling it, should've left me in. Also, the great thing about playing sports was that there were stats involved. After every game we played, my brothers and I would talk about what kind of numbers we were putting up. It was a big deal to outscore the others. At one point, I held the record for most points scored in an organized basketball game with 26 in 4th grade, which stood until my younger brother broke it with 28 points when he was a senior in high school. The first thing he did after that game? Called both me and my older brother at college to let us know the mark had fallen. We were a very competitive bunch. To this day, we talk about these things at Thanksgiving. 5th and 6th grade were very big for me in terms of change in my life. In 5th grade, within a span of 6 months I lost all of my grandparents, including my great Uncle Johnny. There are 3 days in my life that I remember everything I did the entire day, and my Grandma dying is one of them. The other two will come later. I came home from school, was sitting in our den with my 2 brothers, and watching TV. The phone rang, and my mom answered it, then she came in the room, and said, â€Å"I just want to let you all know, Grandma just died. We all started crying immediately. I remember my mom screaming â€Å"I want my mommy! † repeatedly and feeling helpless. I had never really experienced personal loss before, as I had never met my dad's mother because she died when he was 16. His father re-married 3 months later, and my dad never got along with his stepmother, and they kicked him out of their house. I've never met my dad's fa ther. So, losing my Grandma was a big deal. I always remember coming home from school, seeing her, and her always making me smile. I remember everything about her to be honest. Her perfume smell, the fact she always kept bouillon cubes in her pantry, and the fact that she always loved everything my brothers and I were interested in. Her and my Grandpa became baseball fans because of us, after not really caring one way or another before we were born (I'm told). My Grandma was always around, and she loved her grandchildren very much. She was a great lady, always singing, always happy. In the middle of 6th grade, My dad came home from work one day, sat me and my brothers down, and told us we were moving to Chagrin Falls, Ohio. He said we were going in 1 month, in the middle of the school year. I wasn't excited, as all I ever knew was New Jersey, but obviously had to do it. It was really hard leaving all of my friends. Chapter 2: Middle School (Grades 6 to 8) After finally getting acclimated with middle school life in New Jersey, and getting used to how things worked there, I was ripped out of there, and plunked into a small town in Ohio. Coming into the middle of a school year is hard for everyone, but especially for a middle schooler. I remember my first day, and being sat at the â€Å"nerd† table because the guy showing me around thought that would be best. I didn't let that happen though. I immediately got up and sat at the â€Å"cool† table, and actually ended up becoming friends with those people. It was still pretty hard to make friends though, as in a small town everyone knows everyone else's business, and have their own clicks. In homeroom, when I sat down, two girls waked me around the room, ad told me whom I needed to bother with getting to know, and who not to care about. It kind of prepared me for what Chagrin was all about. A lot of people who base their worth off of what other people think about them. I ended up making a lot of friends, but kind of felt like an outsider for my middle school years, even though I was pretty much accepted. Everyone loved to talk about things they did together when they were younger, and how long they'd been friends. SO I just tried to blend in, and try and not get noticed. I'd always sit my older brother on the bus, and not really talk to anybody, until one day my friends Cade Otstot and Trevor Gile told me to sit with them and their friends. From that day on I felt like I belonged. Class-wise, being in small classrooms with less people made me feel like I was always getting put on the spot. I hated answering questions in class, and really hated doing my homework. I always felt like there was so much else to do other then that. SO I put school on the back burner and got caught up in trying to be popular, and playing sports. Although I always did enough to get by. I never really got Fs or Ds or anything like that, but also didn't try and overachieve for fear people would look at me like I was a nerd or something. Looking back, that was probably a mistake. I played basketball and football in middle school, but really wasn't that good. I loved the sports, but this time is when I started gaining weight. I wasn't obese or anything, but I wasn't in shape either. I was on the B teams in both sports, but excelled in baseball. I always thought I was playing well, but the coaches never seemed to notice. So I was relegated to the bench for the most part. Otherwise my middle school years were pretty uneventful, although I did make a few really good friends, but also I fell out of touch with my New Jersey friends. Chapter 3: High School (Grades 9-12) Freshmen Year of high school was pretty typical. My older bother Mark was a senior, and looked out for me for the most part, but I still got flak for being his younger brother. Nothing too crazy though, because I knew eventually I'd be as big if not bigger than those guys, and if they really did something to me, I'd get them back ten fold. Football practice that year was big wakeup call. Everyone was bigger faster than us Frosh, and everything seemed to move a lot quicker. Especially in school. There were no classes where I could just drift through, I had to stay up on my studies, which I think I did a good job of, but still my mind drifted a lot to sports, and girls. I didn't really have much interaction with girl's, except them being nice to me to get to my brother. All the freshmen girls wanted my older brother, so people whom I had never talked to decided it was a good idea to talk to me. I didn't go to many parties then, as my fiends and I were more into just going to the movies and hanging out at my parents’ house. Or we'd play football in my backyard. But I did get asked to the winter formal (a Sadie Hawkins dance). I had a good time on my first actual date where I had to dress up in a jacket and tie. Also, that year I got my first detention, and had to stay after school, and was grounded, although it was my brother's fault that we were late so many times. Only detention of my career actually. So that's pretty much my Freshmen Year. Sophomore year was just a blah year. Nothing really happens in your sophomore year. Just same old same old. Football wise, I lettered, and I made the JV basketball team. That year our football team broke our 28 game losing streak, the longest in Northeast Ohio, We won our last 2 games, to go 2-8. I went to my first Homecoming dance, and also my second winter formal. School wise, I got bored. The classes were so boring to me. I just wanted school to end every day. Also, the girls who had talked to me the year before because my brother, just plain stopped. Shocking I know. Junior year was actually a lot more fun. I finally mounted the courage to talk to girls regularly. I made some great friends in the process as these girls are the people who I still keep in touch with the most to this day. I was voted to be head coach of the Powder Puff football team, and that was a great way to get to know everybody. I had a blast doing it, and it helped me get invited to parties and what not. My friends and I had a blast that year. We'd go out every weekend, and party. It was great! I had two dates to the winter formal, my friends Meghan, and Melissa. Everything was going really well socially, as I really came out of my shell. Academically, I did just enough to get by, posting GPAs anywhere from 2. 7-3. 0 during this year. Can you sense a pattern here? Went to my first prom with my friend Katie. It was at Jacobs Field where the Tribe plays so it was an awesome night! Senior Year was a blast too. The football team did really well, winning our first 7 games, and having 2 games that were voted games of the decade in Cleveland. Big deal for a little school like ours. Also, I actually got to contribute, and set the family record for kick return average; at 3. yds a return (I caught 2 onside kicks, and ran one 3 yards). This was the first year I actually got in shape for football, and took it seriously. It's the first time in my life I learned that whatever you put into something, you get out of it. I took the SATs untimed, a â€Å"perk† as my parents put it of having a learning disability, which to be honest put more pressure on me then anything. I over thought pretty much every question, and was in an isolated room by myself. It was kind of miserable. I didn't score as high as I would've liked but did enough to get accepted into 5 colleges. These were all small schools where the environment was geared towards learning at your own pace, and where they had good LD programs, as my parents made this a high priority. Funny, I had never been in LD classes in high school, but my parents thought I should do it in college. Anyway, I graduated, went away that summer to the Jersey Shore, as we had been doing since I was 11, where my summers consisted of being a dishwasher/bus boy at Uncle Bill's Pancake House during the day, and a Summer Place at night, and came back and said goodbye to all of my friends, before initially heading off to Muskingum College. Chapter 4: College (1998-2006) Muskingum College (1998-2000) The college odyssey that was the Scott Iantosca Experience started in New Concord, OH. Now I thought I wanted a small college in a small town, but I quickly found out that this wasn't the place for me. All there was to do was drink in your dorms, and go to one of the 3 fraternity houses on the campus. If you weren’t in a fraternity, you pretty much had nothing to do. Thankfully I was getting recruited pretty hard by all of the fraternities, so I had some fun. I was accepted into the plus program, which is the LD program there. I didn’t realize the commitment. We had to meet with tutors for every subject. And it had to be in between your classes, not when you had free time. It kind of was like an added class. Midway through I stopped going. I didn't want to hear the exact same lecture twice, which was basically what it was. I just used them as needed, and that wasn't taken to kindly too by the administrators. Also, I thought I could get by skipping class all the time, and teaching myself the material. I probably only showed up to my classes about half of the time. Somehow I was stunned when I got a 1. 7 GPA, and couldn't rush that year, while all of my friends were allowed to. Then I got kicked out of school at the end of the year for my grades. This was a wake up call, or so I thought. I had to go to Muskingum and plead my way back in, in front of the board of trustees with the leader of the Plus program. It was really embarrassing. Being as I had soured on the Muskingum experience, I was fighting t o get back into a school I didn't want to go to. I got back in on a probationary period, but then was so unhappy there, I did the same thing. Then I told my parents I didn’t want o go back, and instead of working hard and getting good enough grades so that I could transfer out of there, I just stopped going to class, and only turning in papers. I thought I could just get kicked out and go wherever I wanted to. At the end of the semester, I went home for good. I got a job waiting tables for Max & Erma's, and Blockbuster video while my friends were at school. It was pretty miserable. I gained a lot of weight, getting up into the 270s. And was feeling like my life was passing me by and I would be living with my parents forever. My only form of entertainment was going to my brother's basketball games, but I'd always feel awkward because I'd see people I know there and have to answer questions about why I was home from school. Landmark College–Putney, VT (2000-2001) The second part of my college odyssey was at Landmark College. My mom found out about it through someone she worked with and being as I had no other options, I decided to take a look at it. It is a school solely for people who have learning disabilities, mostly severe, and who have gotten kicked out of school. Basically a second chance for people who have messed up in their first try at college. I went into it optimistically, but even during my first visit, I knew it was going to be a challenge. Putney, Vermont is a very small town, where there is absolutely nothing to do. The campus was so small it didn’t help much either. There was a zero tolerance drinking policy, and if you were caught once, you were immediately brought in front of this disciplinary board where you were given a hearing. Pretty strict. Also, the only way to get off campus was on a van that one day a month would take you to Wal-Mart, and then every Friday take students to the movie theater. That was it. We all referred to it as a prison. People were trying to get thrown out of there on a nightly basis, and going to great lengths to do it. Kids would intentionally trash their rooms, even throwing their TVs out the window in hopes of getting kicked out. And everyone would try and overdose on their prescription meds, in hopes of their parents taking them out of school. There was an ambulance or campus security van at one of the 2 dorms every night. Many of the students had some serious learning problems, for example, many didn't know what a verb was until they went to Landmark. Or in one instance, this guy couldn’t form a complete sentence logistically until he went there. Not really a big deal to me, but just not something I had been around before. They also told stories at orientation about how Landmark changed their lives, and how before Landmark they would get so frustrated they would cry by themselves in the shower. Pretty heavy stuff, but also made you think and re-evaluate your position in life, and inspired me to get my stuff together. A lot of the things they talked about were about accepting your disability, and learning to overcome it. Having not really had my learning disability really be a big deal for me, I hadn't realized that a lot of the reasons I had trouble focusing, and talking in class was because of my ADHD. It was kind of eye-opening. Socially, I kept to myself, and just concentrated on my grades and school work. They were pretty laid back there, and although we were assigned a tutor and an advisor who we had weekly meetings with, they only lasted as long as you wanted them to, and being as I was getting a 4. 0, mine were really short. The classes were really easy to me for some reason, so I did really well. I pretty much cut off my social life because I knew why I was there: To get the hell out of there! My days went like this: Wake up, go to class, eat lunch, go to the library, go to class, do homework, watch TV and sleep. This is what happened 24-7. I never deviated. I talked to my advisor every day about what I needed to do to transfer, and he kept telling me to take my entire 2 years there. No way was this happening. I finally sat down with my dad and outlined what I had accomplished, the fact that I was 21 at the time, and that I had proven to everyone, including myself that I was ready for a â€Å"regular† college again. I even was inducted into Phi Theta Kappa, the junior college National Honor society. It was the first academic award I had gotten since elementary school, and my parents came to the ceremony. I was really proud of myself, to be honest. So, I then started to look for schools to apply to. After being in social jail for a year, I decided campus life was a big deal, as well as my major, which was going to be sports management. Ohio University met both of these criteria, and accepted me, so there you had it. Ohio University (2002-2006) Ohio University was the most fun I had ever had in my life. I did so many things academically, and socially it was amazing. My parents moved to Switzerland, and my older brother moved to Warsaw, Poland, so I got travel around Europe on my 6 week Christmas break while other people had to go home and get part time jobs or sit around. I experienced and saw so many beautiful things, and expanded my horizons greatly. Of all the places that I travelled, I would definitely say Germany and Italy were my two favorite places to visit. In Germany, we travelled along the Christmas trail, which had Weinachtsmarkts (Christmas Markets) all up down the states. It was amazing. Although I already had a few high school friends who went to OU, and had established a good group of non-fraternity friends or GDIs (you can pretty much figure out what that means), I decided to rush and join a fraternity, much to their chagrin. They thought â€Å"Frats† were full of meatheads, and shunned them pretty much. I, on the other hand, am all about new experiences and branching out, so I saw this as a gateway for doing so, and expanding my social circle, and creating lifelong networking contacts. I ended up joining the Sigma Phi Epsilon Fraternity, after receiving bids from all of the fraternities I visited. Being a 22 year old pledge was hard, as I was being â€Å"hazed† by people younger than me, but it allowed me to bond with my pledge brothers, and build some lifelong bonds with them. I still keep in touch with many of them, and have been in 2 of their weddings, and 4 of them (Rick Heyeck, Mike McMasters, Aaron Gray, and Will Hardy) will probably stand in my wedding, if I ever get married. I'll always cherish my times with them. Ohio University is known for being a party school, and while it certainly did live up to its reputation as such, I still managed to always make it to class, and get moderately good grades. I was in the learning disabled program there, but only used it to take untimed tests. Which, again, were nerve racking as someone just sat in the room and stared at you while you were taking the test. Since, many of my credits didn't transfer over; I had to pretty much start over from scratch academically, but was fine with it because OU was so much fun. The Sport Industry program had everything I was interested in, a lot of sports classes, and a good amount of business classes, and was very laid back as to the amount of work we had. It was very term paper based, and being as I love to write, I was all about it. The only negative from this experience was that my weight became a real problem. I was pushing 300 lbs by the end of my tenure as a Bobcat. Ohio University was a study in excess. Excessive drinking/partying, eating junk food, and excessive sleeping. Not a lot of workout time in there. My main concern was how this would affect me in getting a job after school, but it really didn’t as my advisor knew someone with Columbus Blue Jackets, and spoke to them, and I got a job there after interviewing. Post College (2006-Present) Right after I graduated, I took a job as an Inside Sales Rep for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL. I figured this was the best way for me to get my foot in the door within the Sports Industry, so to speak. What I didn’t realize was that ticket sales was not what I wanted to do. I thought that I would eventually make a lateral move to doing something more in the front office, but about a month into my tenure, I saw that I was pretty much pigeonholed into being a â€Å"ticketing guy†. This was fine, I guess, because I won the monthly sales contests consistently. Also, I enjoyed working with a close knit sales â€Å"team† of people at the same stages of their careers as I was. This also created a great environment of competition, and I gained a mentor in my boss, Joseph Cote, who is now the head of ticketing for the Portland Timbers, of Major League Soccer, and the Portland Beavers, a minor league baseball team. He basically taught me how to be a professional, and how to balance fun in the office with being serious and buckling down. The perks of the job were unreal. We worked at the arena, so we had free reign to all of the events, and also had to â€Å"work† the hockey games. Basically it consisted of us standing at a table during the intermissions, and then visiting our clients we had sold for the game. Then we just watched the game the rest of the time. It was a good job. But, towards the end of my tenure there, my mother contracted a benign cyst on her back the size of a basketball, and was rendered basically an immovable object. She had to have surgery, and with my dad being CEO of a major corporation, and my brothers living in San Antonio, TX, and Manhattan at the time, I decided I needed to come home and take care of my mother while she was incapacitated. She would definitely do it for us. Family always comes first. This did not go over well with my employers, and they gave me an ultimatum of accepting a promotion, or going home and helping my mother. Which do you think I chose? I told them thanks for the opportunity, and gave my two weeks notice that day, and moved from Columbus, OH back to my parents’ house in Chagrin Falls, OH. After about 6 months of taking care of my mom, she was ready to live normally again. During my time with her though, I did do some good things to get my life in order, and re-focus on what’s important. I joined LA weight loss (which doesn’t exist anymore), and by the end of my tenure there I had lost 108 lbs. it’s easily my biggest accomplishment, aside from sticking with college and getting a degree. So after that, I revved up my job search again, and looked anywhere and everywhere for a job. But many of the interviews I was going to were for jobs selling copiers, or Ink for copiers, or things of that nature. I think what I enjoyed most about sales is the passion that was brought to the job everyday when I was selling something that I knew a lot about and had great interest in. Selling copiers, or ink, or technical equipment while living in Cleveland wasn’t really doing it for me. So begrudgingly after trying to find a job on my own for about 3 months, I asked my father for help. He had dinner one night with Jay Bauer, the president of Nation Pizza Products in Schaumburg, IL, and had mentioned his son who was coming to pick him up that night was looking for a job after a hiatus from employment (a really nice way to say I was unemployed by the way). As I picked him up, Jay came to the car, and told me to call him the next day and he would see what he had for me at Nation. I was pretty excited. After living with my parents for a while I would have moved anywhere, but Chicago was a dream. I’ve always loved Chicago. It has everything, great nightlife, So many sports teams, and the best restaurants in the world. I called Jay the next day, and the rest was history. After flying me out for an interview and dinner with my two future bosses, a tour of the plant, and then another interview with HR, They called me a week later and hired me for a position they were creating especially for me. This should have been my first sign that Nation wasn’t right for me. See, everyone at Nation Pizza Products has been there for decades, there are only a handful of new hires every year. And they only had one salesmen, albeit the VP of sales, but he had done everything himself for 15 years. They had no idea what to do with me, built hired me basically to keep up the relationship with their biggest customer, Nestle. Thus, being the President and CEO’s son really is what got me hired. Nothing having to do with my sales acumen at all. I was too elated by the fact I was living in downtown Chicago to care at this point, but this was sign #2. I tried to soak up everything I could my first year there, doing a lot of grunt work, trying extra hard to pay my dues, and when given the chance to work with customers I shined. But when I asked for more responsibility, I was told I wasn’t ready. Also, the handled me with â€Å"kid gloves† the entire time I was there. Not talking about customers other than Nestle with me because they thought I would tell my dad, despite the fact that they were PAYING me to be a Nation employee! I even signed a confidentiality agreement when I started there. I thought this would eventually get better over the years, as I progressed in the business. It did not. As time went on, I was given reluctant independence there, but when able to work alone with customers, they would send me thank you notes, and call the President of the company directly and let them know how much they enjoyed working with me. Instead of giving my boss confidence in me, he took it as a threat to his job, and I was gunning for him. Which I wasn’t. I thought the two of us could and should work as a team, thus with double the effort, we could bring in double the business. He didn’t see it that way, and took credit for many of my sales when talking with the executive board. I’m not one to be boastful about my achievements, but how does one gain respect at an organization when people are constantly thinking he is just a minion, and hasn’t made a sale in 4 years? Also, I worked with a lot of fake people. It was really bad. Maybe it’s a food industry thing, but everyone I worked with, from the chefs to the food scientist, was extremely fake towards me. They loved to tell me I was doing a good job, and then behind my back talk to my bosses, and make negative comments about me, and disregard the way I was working. Also, the commute was obnoxious. It was an hour and half each way, and wouldn’t put me back in the city until around 8, after sitting in traffic. I didn’t mind it when I thought there was a place for me at the company, and a progression plan in place. There was neither. Then, My dad â€Å"retired† from Nestle, as much as basically taking 3 months off and hanging in Miami with my mom can be called that before taking the opportunity to run another company here in Chicago, everyone started treating me differently. They treated me as if they had no need for me anymore, and I wasn’t a valuable member of the team. In my fourth and final year there, they kept making take the boss’ car to get washed, or carry boxes for women who worked in the office to their cars, or clean up the presentation room, basically treating me like a secretary. Finally I had enough, and walked into the presidents’ office, who was my major confidant at the company (another source of angst for the VP of sales because he thought I was bad mouthing him to him, which I wasn’t, so much insecurity there), and told him it wasn’t working out. I said I was no longer happy here, and didn’t really see myself going any further than my current position. He tried to get me to stay, and I actually considered it, until the VP of sales walked in. Thankfully, for him, I’m a classy person, and I thanked them both for the opportunity, and gave my two weeks notice. They said they would pay me for my two weeks regardless, and asked what I wanted to do, and I said I would just leave then. I’ve never been happier or more content with a decision I’ve made in my entire life. Also, the president of the company said he would help me out in anyway he could, and write me a recommendation if I needed it. I still keep in touch with him as we speak. So that brings us to present day. I am unemployed, but extremely happy. I’m glad I’m taking a step back and actually analyzing what my strengths and weaknesses are, ad what my interests are. Taking my time choosing my next move is definitely the right step to take. The next chapter of my life is yet to be written I feel. Do I have a plan? I’m getting there. There are things I envision myself accomplishing professionally and personally over the next 5-10 years. I won’t bore you with them here. But the great thing is I have an unbelievable support system behind me of family and friends. Also, I feel like I have the right attitude towards it, and am determined to do thing the right way this time. And whatever I choose I know I’ll work hard at it, and take steps to become a success. Just taking it one day at a time.

What are the characteristics of a Successful Latino in the United States †Sociology Essay

What are the characteristics of a Successful Latino in the United States – Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers What are the characteristics of a Successful Latino in the United States Sociology Essay There are a few characteristics to become a successful Latino in the U.S: 1.You have to be determined and persistent at what your academic and professional goal is. 2.You must work hard to reach these goals, like doing good at your studies receiving good grades and be recommended by the school you attended at. 3.With about 20 years or more of school it takes to get degree at whatever subject you are working hard for will pay off. 4.Always thinking toward starting your business for that is the biggest goal for many Latinos. 5.Once you find a job work as hard as you did in school, get more experience in the job world and try to look for a job that pays better than now, but if you like the pay and job you work for, then stay. 6.With dedication and hard work, who knows maybe you can get promoted to a higher position and get even better pay. 7.Once you finally own your business make sure you be reasonable at the pay you give to your employees reasonable pay and benefits and that whatever your is sells and your business will last a long time. These characteristics in becoming a successful Latino in the United States. Just to become dedicated and smart on what path you choose in life. 2. How do and/or will you fit this profile? I myself am dedicated at whatever I do. Sure I didn’t get the best marks in High School, because of all the fun I had. But now that I am in a Technical College, I am very dedicated and focused more than ever. Doing whatever assignments they give as soon possible and well done. I do well on test since I study on the notes I take in class. I am very dedicated this time because it something I wanted to do for a long time, its something I like. Become a Designer of Structures, Objects, and soon characters for Video Games, for that is my major goal in my life. When I do find a job I will also very dedicated if it’s the job I wanted all my life. But I will always keep in mind to start my own business, but mostly my main goal is to work for major video game company and design the characters, backgrounds, etc. With a little hard work and dedication I am almost there at finally making my childhood dream come true. Research Papers on What are the characteristics of a Successful Latino in the United States - Sociology EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Hockey Game

Free Essays on John Wemmick

â€Å"Perhaps, properly speaking, Dickens had no ideas on any subject; what he had was a vast sympathetic participation in the daily life of mankind; and what he saw of ancient institutions made him hate them, as needless sources of oppression, misery, selfishness, and rancour.† –George Santayana Rules. Guidelines. Laws. From the beginning of time, people have lived under the heavy thumb of expectations placed upon them by others. What to do and when to do it, what to say and when to say it somehow societies have come up with their own rulebooks for what is permissible and what is to be looked down upon, leaving each man to choose between his inner yearnings and the clarion call of the organized civilization. This problem faces John Wemmick in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. On the surface, Wemmick appears to be a dedicated worker and upstanding member of society who maintains a healthy domestic lifestyle. Upon closer inspection, we see that Wemmick plays host to two polar personalities: the hard working, upstanding worker in bustling London, and the amiable, carefree resident of Walworth. Through careful examination of Wemmick’s character, Dickens prompts his reader to reflect upon the two sides of humanity as a whole. In Victorian society, employees were expected to carry themselves with a degree of professionalism and excellence. Caring for others and becoming emotionally involved in work were seen as signs of weakness. Mr. Jaggers, Wemmick’s employer and literary counterpart, appears completely eaten up by his work. He takes his courtroom attitude with him everywhere, to the point that others avoid conversation with him for fear of being cross-examined. Wemmick passes on this soame air of intimidation to Jagger’s clients as he collects funds and â€Å"portable property.† However, this attitude is not truly characteristic of Wemmick. He says, â€Å"[The way I carry myself in] the office is one thing, private life ... Free Essays on John Wemmick Free Essays on John Wemmick â€Å"Perhaps, properly speaking, Dickens had no ideas on any subject; what he had was a vast sympathetic participation in the daily life of mankind; and what he saw of ancient institutions made him hate them, as needless sources of oppression, misery, selfishness, and rancour.† –George Santayana Rules. Guidelines. Laws. From the beginning of time, people have lived under the heavy thumb of expectations placed upon them by others. What to do and when to do it, what to say and when to say it somehow societies have come up with their own rulebooks for what is permissible and what is to be looked down upon, leaving each man to choose between his inner yearnings and the clarion call of the organized civilization. This problem faces John Wemmick in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. On the surface, Wemmick appears to be a dedicated worker and upstanding member of society who maintains a healthy domestic lifestyle. Upon closer inspection, we see that Wemmick plays host to two polar personalities: the hard working, upstanding worker in bustling London, and the amiable, carefree resident of Walworth. Through careful examination of Wemmick’s character, Dickens prompts his reader to reflect upon the two sides of humanity as a whole. In Victorian society, employees were expected to carry themselves with a degree of professionalism and excellence. Caring for others and becoming emotionally involved in work were seen as signs of weakness. Mr. Jaggers, Wemmick’s employer and literary counterpart, appears completely eaten up by his work. He takes his courtroom attitude with him everywhere, to the point that others avoid conversation with him for fear of being cross-examined. Wemmick passes on this soame air of intimidation to Jagger’s clients as he collects funds and â€Å"portable property.† However, this attitude is not truly characteristic of Wemmick. He says, â€Å"[The way I carry myself in] the office is one thing, private life ...

Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors

Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors Christopher Columbus discovered previously unknown lands in 1492, and within 20 years the conquest of these new lands was proceeding quickly. How were the Spanish conquistadors able to do it? The Spanish armor and weapons had much to do with their success. The Swift Success of the Conquistadors The Spanish who came to settle the New World were generally not farmers and craftsmen but soldiers, adventurers, and mercenaries looking for a quick fortune. Native communities were attacked and enslaved and any treasures they may have had such as gold, silver or pearls were taken. Teams of Spanish conquistadors devastated native communities on Caribbean islands such as Cuba and Hispaniola between 1494 and 1515 or so before moving on to the mainland. The most famous conquests were those of the mighty Aztec and Inca Empires, in Central America and the Andes mountains of South America respectively. The conquistadors who took these mighty Empires down (Hernan Cortes in Mexico in 1525 and Francisco Pizarro in Peru, 1532) commanded relatively small forces: Cortes had around 600 men and Pizarro initially had about 160. These small forces were able to defeat much larger ones. At the Battle of Teocajas, Sebastian de Benalcazar had 200 Spanish and some 3,000 Caà ±ari allies: together they fought Inca General Rumià ±ahui and a force of some 50,000 warriors to a draw. Conquistador Weapons There were two sorts of Spanish conquistadors: horsemen or cavalry and foot soldiers or infantry. The cavalry would usually carry the day in the battles of the conquest. When the spoils were divided, cavalrymen received a much higher share of the treasure than foot soldiers. Some Spanish soldiers would save up and purchase a horse as a sort of investment which would pay off in future conquests. The Spanish horsemen generally had two sorts of weapons: lances and swords. Their lances were long wooden spears with iron or steel points on the ends, used to devastating effect on masses of native foot soldiers. In close combat, a rider would use his sword. Steel Spanish swords of the conquest were about three feet long and relatively narrow, sharp on both sides. The Spanish city of Toledo was known as one of the best places in the world for making arms and armor and a fine Toledo sword was a valuable weapon indeed. The finely made weapons did not pass inspection until they could bend in a half-circle and survive a full-force impact with a metal helmet. The fine Spanish steel sword was such an advantage that for some time after the conquest, it was illegal for natives to have one. Foot Soldiers Weapons Spanish foot soldiers could use a variety of weapons. Many people incorrectly think that it was firearms that doomed the New World natives, but thats not the case. Some Spanish soldiers used a harquebus, a sort of early musket. The harquebus was undeniably effective against any one opponent, but they are slow to load, heavy, and firing one is a complicated process involving the use of a wick which must be kept lit. The harquebuses were most effective for terrorizing native soldiers, who thought the Spanish could create thunder. Like the harquebus, the crossbow was a European weapon designed to defeat armored knights and too bulky and cumbersome to be of much use in the conquest against the lightly armored, quick natives. Some soldiers used crossbows, but theyre very slow to load, break or malfunction easily and their use was not terribly common, at least not after the initial phases of the conquest. Like the cavalry, Spanish foot soldiers made good use of swords. A heavily armored Spanish foot soldier could cut down dozens of native enemies in minutes with a fine Toledan blade. Conquistador Armor Spanish armor, mostly made in Toledo, was among the finest in the world. Encased from head to foot in a steel shell, Spanish conquistadors were all but invulnerable when facing native opponents. In Europe, the armored knight had dominated the battlefield for centuries and weapons such as the harquebus and crossbow were specifically designed to pierce armor and defeat them. The natives had no such weapons and therefore killed very few armored Spanish in battle. The helmet most commonly associated with the conquistadors was the morion, a heavy steel helm with a pronounced crest or comb on top and sweeping sides that came  to  points on either end. Some infantrymen preferred a salade, a full-faced helmet that looks a little like a steel ski mask. In its most basic form, it is a bullet-shaped helm with a large T in front of the eyes, nose, and mouth. A cabasset helmet was much simpler: it is a large steel cap that covers the head from the ears up: stylish ones would have an elongated dome like the pointy end of an almond. Most conquistadors wore a full set of armor which consisted of a heavy breastplate, arm and leg greaves, a metal skirt, and protection for the neck and throat called a gorget. Even parts of the body such as elbows and shoulders, which require movement, were protected by a series of overlapping plates, meaning that there were very few vulnerable spots on a fully armored conquistador. A full suit of metal armor weighed about sixty pounds and the weight was well distributed over the body, allowing it to be worn for long periods of time without causing much fatigue. It generally included even armored boots and gloves or gauntlets. Later in the conquest, as conquistadors realized that full suits of armor were overkill in the New World, some of them switched to lighter chainmail, which was just as effective. Some even abandoned metal armor entirely, wearing escuapil, a sort of padded leather or cloth armor adapted from the armor worn by Aztec warriors. Large, heavy shields were not  necessary for the conquest, although many conquistadors used a buckler, a small, round or oval shield usually of wood or metal covered with leather. Native Weapons The natives had no answer for these weapons and armor. At the time of the conquest, most native cultures in North and South America were somewhere between the Stone Age and the  Bronze Age  in terms of their weaponry. Most foot soldiers carried heavy clubs or maces, some with stone or bronze heads. Some had rudimentary stone axes or clubs with spikes coming out of the end. These weapons could batter and bruise Spanish conquistadors, but only rarely did any serious damage through the heavy armor. Aztec warriors occasionally had a  macuahuitl, a wooden sword with jagged obsidian shards set in the sides: it was a lethal weapon, but still no match for steel. The natives had some better luck with missile weapons. In South America, some cultures developed bows and arrows, although they were rarely able to pierce armor. Other cultures used a sort of sling to hurl a stone with great force. Aztec warriors used the  atlatl, a device used to hurl javelins or darts at great velocity. Native cultures wore elaborate, beautiful armor. The Aztecs had warrior societies, the most notable of which were the feared Eagle and Jaguar warriors. These men would dress in Jaguar skins or eagle feathers and were very brave warriors. The Incas wore quilted or padded armor and used shields and helmets made of wood or bronze. Native armor was generally intended to intimidate as much as protect: it was often very colorful and beautiful. Nevertheless, eagle feathers provide no protection from a steel sword and native armor was of very little use in combat with conquistadors. Analysis The conquest of the Americas proves decisively the advantage of advanced armor and weaponry in any conflict. The Aztecs and Incas numbered in the millions, yet were defeated by Spanish forces numbering in the hundreds. A heavily  armored conquistador  could slay dozens of foes in a single engagement without receiving a serious wound. Horses were another advantage that the natives could not counter. It’s inaccurate to say that the success of the Spanish conquest was solely due to superior arms and armor, however. The Spanish were greatly aided by diseases previously unknown to that part of the world. Millions died of new illnesses brought by the Spanish such as smallpox. There was also a great deal of luck involved. For example, they invaded the  Inca Empire at a time of great crisis, as a brutal civil war between brothers Huascar and Atahualpa was just ending when the Spanish arrived in 1532; and the Aztecs were widely despised by their subjects. Sources Calvert, Albert Frederick. Spanish arms and armour: being a historical and descriptive account of the Royal armoury of Madrid. London: J. Lane, 1907Hemming, John.  The Conquest of the Inca. London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970).Pohl, John. The Conquistador: 1492–1550. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2008.

Frederick Taylors claim that his Scientific Management Principles Essay

Frederick Taylors claim that his Scientific Management Principles would lead to maximum prosperity for both employers and employees is inherently flawed - Essay Example The people are needed to work smarter instead of harder. Basically, his views are rooted in efficiency. Prior to his proposition, labor then can be considered as a specialized process for every worker. This includes the view of craftsmanship wherein only the particular worker has the idea regarding his work. The said process is viewed by Taylor as highly inefficient since the job done is completely dependent on the time set by the workers. This pushed Taylor propose the quantification of the work that are needed to be done. For that matter, he started to give possible ways and standards to be able to determine the rate of work needed and continuously improve the process (Darmody 1; Jones and George 20). To be able to achieve the efficiency that is needed, an able manager who can oversee the activities and can set the level of work that should be accomplished is another important factor of the scientific management. The mindset of the workers based on Taylor’s principles is needed to revolve around the factors such as efficiency and productivity. He believed that increased in production or the amount of work done is the most important aim in the industries. Basically during his time wherein there is a recognized need for increase in production, the idea he presented is highly applicable. For that matter, the scientific management is the first method and philosophy in management that had been known and applied internationally. It can be related to the idea of mass production by Ford which is also rooted for increased efficiency (Crainer 44). According to Taylor, scientific management is composed of 75 percent science and 25 percent common sense, thus, the method used in working is the most important component. For that matter he prioritizes the motivation of the workers through incurring the view that in every task that is undertaken, the search for the most efficient method is one of the main goals (Crainer 44). The fundamental

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

E-commerce - Essay Example (Chaffey, 2004) This internet culture has resulted in the germination of certain expectations amongst customers. Customers’, due to the evolution of internet technology have come to expect online services for purchasing goods and services, connecting with colleagues and even maintain business relationship with vendors, customers, and employees. This new internet culture is global and is even connecting business partners which are situated across the globe (Chaffey and Smith, 2008). This age of information is propelled by the information technology. Information technology refers to all of the computer-based information systems used by an organisation, along with their underlying technologies. These information technologies and systems are slowly but gradually revolutionising the operations of the firms, industries and markets. In order for a business to keep pace with this information age, it needs to understand the transformation process and identify the opportunities which th is process is creating (Darby, Jones, and AL Madani, 2003). Since the emergence of this information age, information technology has become the largest component of capital investment for many firms. In many industries survival and existence without extensive use of information systems has become totally impossible. ... Experts believe that in this information age, there is a growing interdependence between a firm’s ability to use information technology and its ability to implement corporate strategies and achieve corporate goals. Corporate objectives are heavily dependent upon the depth of their systems. In order for a business to increase its market share, become a high quality or low-cost producer, developing new products and increasing employee productivity is now heavily dependent upon the variety and performance capabilities of the information systems of the organisation (Souder and Sherman, 1994). The more the firm understands this relationship the more valuable it will be in its industry. This information age has also created the utility for the information systems to cope with governmental regulations or other environmental changes (Deitel, Deitel, and Steinbuhler, 2001). A substantial and growing body of research is supporting the fact that information technology is playing a vital role in increasing organisational productivity and providing a fertile ground for cultivating an innovative environment. If a firm needs to take advantage of an opportunity in its marketplace, create new product, and come up with new services, than it needs to commit itself to make a substantial investment in information technology (Stair and Reynolds, 2009). Also, if a firm needs to differentiate itself from its competitors’ in the domain of business practices and management than it needs to employ information systems which enable it to indentify these minute opportunities (Fillis, Johannson, and Wagner, 2004). Having realised the importance of

Answer the questions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer the questions - Article Example Such is the case of Diane Amos, the African American comic who has been pitching Cloroxs Pine-Sol cleaner for eight years. While Amos is a straight-talking, working-class woman who sports dreadlocks and nondescript clothes and calls everybody "honey" while offering practical cleaning advice, she actually appeals to the consumer because of the credibility that she lends to the product. Answer: Agencies are now turning to formal or informal advisers for help in avoiding to offend customers. Some are also consulting with minority agencies and reaching out to recruit more minority staffers. Yes, I believe that these steps are helpful in reducing offensive stereotypes in advertisements because this kind of research will make agencies more aware of how typically stereotyped groups actually behave. 4) What information from this article (example of an advertisment, quote or statistic) do you feel could apply to the ad you have chosen? How and why? If it does NOT apply to your ad, how do you think such information will affect you as a conumer the next time you seen an advertisement? This particular quote is not applicable to the Diane Amos and the Pine Sol ad because even if Amos is made fun of, she is still an effective advertiser of the product. This information will make me more critical of the portrayal of stereotypes in advertisements and will most likely discourage me from purchasing insensitive stereotypical products. 5) The following is an "inference and conclusion" question: How can our societal myths be based on stereotypes? Choosing one of the ads analyzed in the article, which myths were being generated through the use of stereotype? Ans: One common societal myth based on stereotypes is that of gay men having a dark side and preying on straight strangers. This stereotype is commonly generated by â€Å"macho-istic† products who want to emphasize that their brands are for â€Å"real men.† An example of this kind of ad, as mentioned in the

Managing people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing people - Essay Example The purpose of writing this paper is to identify the ethical policies and practices of an organization, its benefits and effects on stakeholders, and how people at the managerial level play their role in developing and implementing organization’s ethical policies and practice. Corporate level managers and executives are facing a lot of pressure from the external forces to maintain their ethical records. External forces may include government, legislative bodies, consumers, and employees etc. The objective of adopting ethical principles and practice is to provide ground for the development of modern ideas of doing work and collaborative efforts for business activities. Traditional concept of doing business aiming higher profit and enrichment of shareholders is no more successive because business ethics are now important aspect that every manager has to deal with (George 1982). Ethical managers believe in the fulfilment of following aspects: Achievement of corporate social respo nsibility Development of fair trade policies with business partners Ethical leadership, supervision, and control Community development Mutual cooperation (with employees and other stakeholders) Fair production and distribution Environmental protection Communal enterprise Fulfilling social rights, employee empowerment, and work life balance (Crane and Matten 2007). Managers who believe in serving ethical behaviour and practices gain more and achieve higher degree of cooperation and trust from their stakeholders. Adoption of ethical values results in higher revenues due to positive sentiments amongst general public and higher demand from the customers. It develops strong moral as well as financial support from ethical investors, and increases brand awareness and brand recognition. Moreover, ethical behaviour increases employee satisfaction, commitment, and their loyalty towards job and finally, it generates better corporate image and goodwill for the business (Andreasen 2001). On the other hand, managers may also face some drawbacks or disadvantages by adopting ethical policies such as higher costs for promoting corporate image and compliance with the fair trade policies with suppliers without quality compromise. Another disadvantage can be the development of false or wrong expectations among stakeholders. Organizations also lose their freedom to maximize profit. For example, an organization transfers its manufacturing facility to an underdeveloped country for less costly production due to the availability of cheap labour. Practices like child labour, poor work safety, and low wages are acceptable in that country, but all these may not be permissible in organization’s ethical policies and practices, therefore managers and other executives would compromise on profitability giving higher consideration to the values that the company holds for the society it operates in (Andreasen 2001). According to Milton Friedman, â€Å"primary and only responsibility of business is to make money† (Duska 2007). This statement can be true to some extent and most of the supporters of this view suggest that self-interest of an organization seeking profit automatically benefits the overall society. It is true that all profitable businesses provide benefits to their shareholders but stakeholders may or may not get their share. Stakeholders basically are those people or groups who directly or indirectly get benefits from organizations. Stakeholder includes shareholders, employees and their families, the

Impact of the Economic Activities of the Paper Mill Industry on the Essay

Impact of the Economic Activities of the Paper Mill Industry on the Environment - Essay Example The industry of paper production remains strong as demand for paper products continues to be high. This trend is expected to be the same in the near future even with the popularity of electronic documentation. Currently, the United States is the biggest producer, and at the same time, the biggest consumer of paper products in the world (Eldred, 2005). Most of the paper mills in the United States are concentrated in areas where there are extensive forest harvesting activities. These are usually in the Southeast, Northwest, Northeast and North Central regions (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2002, p. 10). Generally, paper manufacturers produce printing and writing papers, newspapers, sanitary tissue, industrial type papers, containerboard and boxboard.as finished products. The production involves the production of pulp from wood from trees or from used paper, matting the fibers into paper and then cutting and shaping the paper into the finished product. During the first part of paper production, the wood chips are dissolved and turned into fibers using chemicals or through mechanical means. The process used in dissolving the wood chips depends on the end product that the manufacturer would produce, but the majority of pulp produced is made through the bleached and unbleached kraft processes (EPA, 2002, p. 7). After the wood is converted into pulp or paper sheet, the material is laid out on a screen to remove the water, and the remaining layer of fiber is compressed into a series of rollers. The resulting type of paper is dependent on the cellulose content of the pulp and also on the thickness of the paper. The economic status of the paper industry relies heavily on the market demand for paper products. The health of the business is dependent on the overall economy, as a decline in the economy would also mean that there would be lesser office workers requiring paper (Eldred, 2005). The industry is also dependent on the condition of the newspaper, book and journal publication business, although this is not to say that the popularity of document access via the Internet would mean a decline in paper use. In fact, the easy access to materials through the Internet allows users to produce and print out materials onto paper without much effort. Because of the strong market demand, the paper industry makes it among the top 10 manufacturing industries in the United States in terms of shipment value (EPA, 2002, p. 9). Paper production requires huge capitalization on the part of operators, especially in terms of investments for plant facilities and equipment. These capital outlays are essential in eventually lowering the overall production costs of the facilities and thereby increasing the profitability of the operations. Aside from the costs incurred through facilities and equipment, paper manufacturers are also faced with costs related to environmental compliance. The environmental compliance-related costs could negatively affect the profitability of paper manufacturers as well as their competitiveness against producers based in countries with less stringent environmental laws. These additional costs could also cause increases in paper product prices The industry is al

China and the Bull-run Stock Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

China and the Bull-run Stock Market - Essay Example The paper tells that the entry of Chinese economy into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001 is, no doubt, a significant event in the history of a world economy. It has given a boost to the pace of reform and opening up. The Sino economy has gathered further momentum. That was the reason that Chinese economy registered a real GDP growth of phenomenal 9.5 percent in 2004. China's status of "world factory" is the result of that impressive growth show. The excellent performance of economy paved a way to massive capital inflows and pushed country's foreign exchange reserves to more than 600 billion dollars in 2004. Where there is much to celebrate for Chinese, all is not well with this elephant economy of the world. If we analyzed then we came to know that China's bond market comprises of two major markets: the inter-bank bond market and the exchange market. Subsequent to further than ten years of expansion, China's bond market has turned out to be a multi-layered one in which the i nter-bank market plays the most important position, complemented by the exchange market. According to the expert analysis, China's soaring stock market is at risk of "a market correction" that could have a knock-on result on its whole banking system, the OECD said yesterday, adding its voice to a litany of bearish warnings on the country's split prices. The hazard has arisen despite enlargement of nearly 11 percent last year and a predictable speeding up in customer expenditure ahead, the Paris-based Organization for financial collaboration and growth said. No doubt, Chinese stocks seesaw in trade but shrugged off the caution from Mr. Greenspan and one more from the market watchdog. The Shanghai compound Index healthier its balance after an early fall of as much as 2 percent, to close down 0.54 percent at 4,151.13 points. Previous, it hit a record intraday high before Mr. Greenspan's comments turn out to be extensively known. Turnover in Shanghai a split was a huge 247.4 billion yua n (16.4 billion), the second-highest numeral to date. Though, neither the government declaration nor Mr. Greenspan's warning had any real collision on an investor's eager to income from the market's bull run. The most investors sight as strange the idea that the Government, which motionless wields enormous pressure over fund flows during administrative steps, would permit a crash. Analysts said that the marketplace might merge gains for a few days before resuming its scale. If the bubble were to pop, it could have a better impact on communal stability than any previous slump in the stock market's 16-year the past. There are now additional than 91m accounts held by individuals at brokers or in joint funds. Estimates for the number of investors differ extensively. At the height of the last marketplace boom, in 2001, there were 60m accounts but maybe fewer than 10m investors. There are surely lots of millions more now.

Impact of the Economic Activities of the Paper Mill Industry on the Essay

Impact of the Economic Activities of the Paper Mill Industry on the Environment - Essay Example The industry of paper production remains strong as demand for paper products continues to be high. This trend is expected to be the same in the near future even with the popularity of electronic documentation. Currently, the United States is the biggest producer, and at the same time, the biggest consumer of paper products in the world (Eldred, 2005). Most of the paper mills in the United States are concentrated in areas where there are extensive forest harvesting activities. These are usually in the Southeast, Northwest, Northeast and North Central regions (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2002, p. 10). Generally, paper manufacturers produce printing and writing papers, newspapers, sanitary tissue, industrial type papers, containerboard and boxboard.as finished products. The production involves the production of pulp from wood from trees or from used paper, matting the fibers into paper and then cutting and shaping the paper into the finished product. During the first part of paper production, the wood chips are dissolved and turned into fibers using chemicals or through mechanical means. The process used in dissolving the wood chips depends on the end product that the manufacturer would produce, but the majority of pulp produced is made through the bleached and unbleached kraft processes (EPA, 2002, p. 7). After the wood is converted into pulp or paper sheet, the material is laid out on a screen to remove the water, and the remaining layer of fiber is compressed into a series of rollers. The resulting type of paper is dependent on the cellulose content of the pulp and also on the thickness of the paper. The economic status of the paper industry relies heavily on the market demand for paper products. The health of the business is dependent on the overall economy, as a decline in the economy would also mean that there would be lesser office workers requiring paper (Eldred, 2005). The industry is also dependent on the condition of the newspaper, book and journal publication business, although this is not to say that the popularity of document access via the Internet would mean a decline in paper use. In fact, the easy access to materials through the Internet allows users to produce and print out materials onto paper without much effort. Because of the strong market demand, the paper industry makes it among the top 10 manufacturing industries in the United States in terms of shipment value (EPA, 2002, p. 9). Paper production requires huge capitalization on the part of operators, especially in terms of investments for plant facilities and equipment. These capital outlays are essential in eventually lowering the overall production costs of the facilities and thereby increasing the profitability of the operations. Aside from the costs incurred through facilities and equipment, paper manufacturers are also faced with costs related to environmental compliance. The environmental compliance-related costs could negatively affect the profitability of paper manufacturers as well as their competitiveness against producers based in countries with less stringent environmental laws. These additional costs could also cause increases in paper product prices The industry is al

Drug Dealer Liability Act Essay Example for Free

Drug Dealer Liability Act Essay Legislatures are passing a unique new statute that provides redress for those injured by illegal drugs. This new law has greatest impact on drug-crime relationship for the reason that, known as the Model Drug Dealer Liability Act (DDLA), makes drug dealers civilly liable to those injured by a driver under the influence of drugs, families who lose a child to illegal drugs and others injured by illegal drugs. It is essentially a products liability act for illegal drugs. According to Kevin G. Meeks (1998) that Michigan, Oklahoma, Illinois, Hawaii, Arkansas, California, South Dakota, Utah, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Colorado, South Carolina and the U. S. Virgin Islands have passed the Model Drug Dealer Liability Act. Existing law in the remaining 37 states does not clearly establish a means by which drug dealers can be made to pay damages for the injuries they cause. The Drug Dealer Liability Act fills that void. The first lawsuit brought under the Act resulted in a judgment on July 21, 1995 of $1 million in favor of a drug baby and more than $7 million to the city of Detroit’s expenses for providing drug treatment to inmates in Detroit jails. Two Detroit dealers were ordered to pay the damages to the drug baby’s siblings because the baby was born addicted to cocaine and was later bludgeoned to death by her mother while high on drugs. In Utah, the wife of a drug-using professional brought a Drug Dealer Liability Act case against her husband’s dealer of six years. The defendant in that case settled after losing his pretrial challenges to the Drug Dealer Liability Act. In South Dakota in April 2000 a jury returned a verdict under South Dakota’s Drug Dealer Liability Act in the amount of $268 Million in favor of a woman whose husband was killed in a head on collision with a driver under the influence of drugs. The defendant was not the driver of the car but the dealer who supplied drugs to the driver. Clinton W. Taylor (1999) said that the Drug Dealer Liability Act offers an added new approach to illegal drugs. Since it would be impossible to identify each person in a chain of illegal drug distribution, the Act establishes a form of â€Å"market liability† so a plaintiff need only prove that a defendant was distributing illegal drugs in the community of the user who caused the plaintiff’s injuries, that the distributor was distributing the same type of drug used by the user and that the defendant’s distribution in that community was during the period of time that the user was using. The plaintiff need not prove that the drug user received a specific defendant’s illegal drugs. Cases can be brought by guardians of drug babies, those injured by a drugged driver, families of adolescent users, employers and public hospitals that pay for treatment of drug babies and others. The principles of â€Å"market liability† or â€Å"market-share liability† in existing case law allow civil recovery from manufacturers of hazardous materials for injury caused by those materials that affect health, even if the source of the particular product that caused injury cannot be identified. The cases involving the pharmaceutical DES are examples. The DDLA is a legislatively created form of â€Å"market liability† to cause illegal drug dealers to pay damages for the injuries caused by their illegal drugs. According to Mark Hansen (1996) that the Act permits parents of children in drug treatment, those injured by drugged drivers, state and county public agencies that pay for drug treatment and/or illegal drug related medical care, hospitals caring for drug babies, insurers, employers and others who are injured because of illegal drugs to recover in a civil action any assets in the hands of drug dealers who have distributed drugs in their communities. Existing federal and state drug forfeiture laws require that the money seized from convicted drug dealers be returned to them unless it is directly connected to their drug crimes. In contrast, a dealer’s assets, income and future inheritance or other income are subject to payment to the plaintiff who successfully brings a lawsuit under the Drug Dealer Liability Act. As with any other civil tort liability, those assets do not have to be forfeitable in order for them to be recovered by a successful plaintiff. The Drug Dealer Liability Act is the first law of its kind to hold dealers who intentionally distribute illegal drugs liable for the injury they cause. It has received national attention on Larry King Live television program, CNN and the Wall Street Journal. The Act promises a new avenue for those who have suffered because of the sale of illegal drugs in their communities who just â€Å"don’t want to take it anymore! † The problem of illegal drugs merits attack from every source and with every available tool. The civil justice system is a powerful weapon. The approach outlined in the Drug Dealer Liability Act relies on the foundation of traditional tort law in a constrained and reasonable way to aim this weapon at one of the greatest challenges our society faces. The Act establishes reasonable limitations to balance the removal of practical obstacles to bringing a suit relying solely on traditional tort law. By enacting a specific cause of action against those who participate in the illegal drug market, the Drug Dealer Liability Act can work in tandem with the criminal justice system and drug education programs to help achieve drug free communities. Reference Kevin G. Meeks, Georgia Law Review, Fall, (1998), Note: FROM SINDELL TO STREET PUSHERS: IMPOSING MARKET SHARE TORT LIABILITY ON ILLEGAL DRUG DEALERS. Clinton W. Taylor, Oklahoma Law Review, Summer, (1999), THE OKLAHOMA DRUG DEALER LIABILITY ACT: A CIVIL REMEDY FOR A VICTIMLESS CRIME. Mark Hansen, (Dec. 1996) Just Say See You in Court: Drug Users Can Seek Dealers Cash Under New Liability Laws, A. B. A. J. , at 30.

Research on New Zealand Tasman Glacier

Research on New Zealand Tasman Glacier New Zealand has a large number of glaciers, majority of these being located in the central Southern Alps of the South Island. In the South Island alone, there are over 3,100 glaciers (McSaveney, 2007). New Zealands largest glacier The Tasman Glacier, is located in the Southern Alps and it known to be the largest glacier in New Zealand. Since 1973, the glacier has been retreating progressively at a distressing percentage and it is predictable the lake will reach its maximum capacity within 10-19 years (Massey University, 2008). Thus, it is estimated that the glacier will eventually disappear (Mastny, 2000). In the 1950s, the process of the retreat began and there was a rapid expansion in the surrounding lake as the glacier began to melt (Kirkbride, 1993). The purpose of the laboratory was to use a stereoscope to view images of the Tasman Glacier in a 3-Dimensionial setting and then produce a geomorphic sketch of the region. From this point, the aim was to utilise the geomorphic sketch and compare it alongside a series of ASTER images of the glacier from the years 2000-2015 and also alongside aerial images from 1976 and 1986. The purpose of this being to explore and examine the changes that have occurred over time within the glacial processes of the Tasman Glacier. To enable understanding of how changes of the Tasman Glacier and the surrounding lake have been modified over time, a stereoscope was used to construct a geomorphic sketch of the location over tracing paper with a pencil. A stereoscope is a device which is imported to view a three-dimensional image when two high resolution photographs are placed approximately six centimetres apart. Aerial images of the location in 1976 and 1986 were examined and were compared with six ASTER images from the years 2000-2015. The ASTER images were presented in three year additions. The 2010 aerial image was used to sketch the features of the geomorphic map, these features included the position of streams, alluvial fans, kettle holes and moraines- both terminal and lateral. The sketched map was compared to preceding ASTER and aerial images of the glacier to provide an understanding of the changes that have occurred throughout time within the locatio The sketched geomorphic map (figure 1) signifies both the Tasman Glacier and how its form and physiognomies have been hindered over time due to natural processes. Results were exposed by comparing the alterations of the ASTER images and the aerial images with the hand sketched geomorphic map of the 2010 glacier; a number of observations were made. To begin with, alongside the Tasman Glacier, bordering Tasman Lake is the lateral moraine. Through comparing the aerial images with the sketched geomorphic map, the reduction in the lateral moraine between 1976-2015 is obvious. The bottommost part of the glacier is where the terminal moraine is formed. The terminal moraine appears to be perceived as a group of small unconnected kettle holes when examining the 1976 and 1986 aerial photographs. At the southern end of the glacier, below the terminal moraine is where the Tasman River begins to flow. Superior to the terminal moraine is the Tasman Lake which is where the glacier is found to terminate. By comparing the geological map with the ASTER photographs, it was noticed that the ice accumulation on the mountains has reduced greatly from 1976 to 2015 which is able to be observed on the lateral moraines of the glacier. With relation to the Murchison River, in the aerial photographs it is noticeable that the river flowed around the terminal moraine close to the glacial boundary. The Murchison River joined the Tasman River on the outwash plain to an area of braided river which forms where a heavy sediment load is deposited and shift between channels giving it a braided like appearance (Harcourt, 2005). By comparing the aerial photographs with the geomorphic sketch, is also evident that over time, the Murchison River eroded part of a lateral moraine, thus moving the river closer to the Tasman lake as it disperses itself from the glacial boundary. As of now, the Murchison River feeds into the Tasman Lake and has eroded the lateral moraine bank. A change in root of the Murchison River is noticeable when comparing the sketched geomorphic map with the ASTER images. In the ASTER images from both 1976 and 1986, the Tasman Glacier had no retreat lake whilst the ASTER image from 2000 depicts the Murchison River flowing directly into the Tasman Lake, thus contributing to the size of the lake. When comparing the 1986 aerial image with the 2000 ASTER image, a change in shape of the Tasman Valley is noticeable. It has changed from the shape of a V to the shape of a U, caused by the natural process of glaciation. It is also evident that the Tasman Lake has increased in size over the years. When comparing the 1986 aerial images with the geomorphic sketch it is noticeable that there has been an increase in alluvial fans that have been found at the bases of hills along the glaciers path- mainly occurring on Mount Johnson and Mount Chudleigh. It is noticeable that from comparing the 1986 aerial photograph to the geomorphic sketch, that a lake has formed over time toward the eastern end of the Mackenzie basin. Further, the glacier contained more ice in the 1986 aerial photograph in comparison to the 2015 ASTER image. Another important key geological feature on the map are the permanent snowfields which lie to the west of the lake- the Mount Cook Ranges (Aoraki). At the height of 3,724 meters, the Mount Cook ranges are high enough to hold snow throughout the year (Dennis, 2007). By comparing the ASTER images with the sketched geomorphic map, it becomes obvious that there has been a copious quantity of changes in the Tasman Glacier and its surrounding valley between the years 1986-2015. A number of natural processes have arisen that have adapted glacier, contributing to its retreat. The Tasman Glacier is a river of ice which is shown to move slowly through time laps photography. However, it moves so slowly that one is not able to see the movement with their eyes. In 1993, the Tasman lake was shown by a bathymetric survey to be 1.95 square km whilst in 2008 it has been seen to increase in length by 4.01 square km and is now over 5.96 square km (Warren Kirkbride, 2008). An alluvial fan is an important feature of the maps. This feature is a triangle-shaped deposit of sediment, including gravel and sand (National Geographic Society, 2017) and are created as flowing water interacts with landforms such as mountains and (Blair and McPherson, 1994). The landform spreads out and are given a triangular shape as streams form. From 1976-2015, an increase in alluvial fans has become present on the Murchison glacier and along with the Tasman Glacier. This is noticeable when comparing the geomorphic sketch with the aerial photographs. The Murchison river has changed direction over time, this being due to the fast rate of glacial retreat resulting in calving on the terminus. Calving refers to the breaking of ice chunks from the edge of a glacier into the water below and is a significant cause of the landforms retreat (Ferguson, 2017). The process occurs at the terminus of the Tasman Glacier and is which is normally caused by the glacier expanding (Marshak, 2009). The glacier continues to retreat in length as calving continues. Since 2007, the Tasman Glacier appears to have less frequent calving events, however when calving events happen, they have a higher magnitude in comparison to previous times. (Warren Kirkbride, 2003) Down wasting has occurred which is noticeable when comparing the ASTER images with the aerial images. This has happened because under the force of gravity, sediments of soil, sand and rock fall down the landscape, making the mountain decrease in size but falling into te surrounding lake increasing its depth and size (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2014). On the sides of the lateral moraine, the retreating glacier causes friction which produces heat and results in faster melting of the ice. The melted ice is then flown into the alluvial planes, deepening the lake. Debris of rock falls from both sides of the glacier and scrapes alongside the lateral moraine causing the glacier to retreat. The lake surrounding the Tasman Glacier is divided into layers in relation to temperature. The upper layer of the lake has a temperature ranging from two degrees to five degrees Celsius whilst the bottom layer has a much lower temperature, sitting at around 0.1 degrees Celsius (Warren Kirkbridge, 2010) . The temperature difference is due to uneven melting of the glacier and the sunrays partially getting passed through the top layer, causing it to be warmer than the bottom division of lake (GNS Science, 2009). Due to the temperature difference, the absorption of heat which causes the ice in the moraine to melt faster, thus increasing the size of the surrounding lake. Stress fractures are caused in the ice of the glacier due to an increase in temperature which contributes to the retreat of the landform (Davies, 2015). The sediments that have rolled down into the moraines absorb heat from the sun and result in further melting of the landform. Lakes surrounding the Tasman Glacier have c ombined over time, thus contributing to an increase in the size of the lake (Davies, 2015) which is made obvious whilst studying the traced geomorphic map and comparing it with the ASTER images. The glacial ice sheets have been reducing in thickness 1976 which is present comparing the aerial images with the geomorphic map. Blocks of ice that are separated from the main glacier due to glacial retreat or a flood form kettle holes (Snorrason, 2002). This down wasting progressed over time which lead to the formation of small kettle holes across the Tasman Glacier. A three-dimensional image of the Tasman Glacier was created with the aid of a stereoscope and a geomorphic sketch of the current glacier was conducted. This was used to identify natural landforms that make up the glacier including the lakes, lateral and terminal moraines and alluvial fans. When comparing the geomorphic sketch to the ASTER and aerial images, the changes that have occurred of the Tasman Glacier due to natural events became obvious and it shows that a number of interacting glacial processes contributed to the glaciers rapid retreat.