Solvency and Liquidity in Banking - Similarities and Differences Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Liquidity includes cash, credit, and equity but in most cases, the use of credit is preferred by many organizations such as bank rather than cash. The reason behind this is because many financial institutions that do a lot of investments in many countries do prefer to carry the transaction using borrowed cash. Traditionally, many of the consumers who carried business transactions preferred credit cards rather than cash since they were concerned with interest rates that normally make the business or the firm to be stable in the market though liquidity is measured by the money supply in the country. In the United States, the Federal Reserve manages liquidity with the monetary policy tools, the most important tool that it normally uses is fed funds rate which is normally concerned with short-term interest rates. The use of an open market is another tool that is used. It affects the liquidity of the country, for example, when fed fund rate is low, then the capital is easily available to the banks and other financial institutions. Low rates in the United States are recommended since they reduce the risk of borrowing because the return of the fund must be higher than the interest rate (Bucay and Rosen 15). We will write a custom essay sample on Solvency and Liquidity in Banking - Similarities and Differences or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain Free Essays

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain College of Nursing 351: Transitions to Professional Nursing Spring Term 2011 Introduction Leadership in the 21st century has been redefined. As leaders we provide the voucher and guidance to begin the journey, while the managers are the ones who drive the team to the destination. Leadership is something you know when you see it, but is very challenging to describe. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leadership development in the nursing profession is important because it directly impacts the care that is delivered to patients. It is critical that the entire senior leadership have the self-same vision or mental image of what the organization intends to aim for as structure, management and organization in terms of changes for a solid foundation. Leadership Leadership is a blend of personal characteristics, abilities, strategies, and circumstances that enable a leader to influence individuals and organizations to accomplish a goal. Although there is no single formula for becoming a successful leader, some common elements include self- confidence, courage, a clear vision of the goal and how to reach it, the ability to clearly communicate the goal as well as strong personal commitment, and the ability to inspire trust and respect among followers. Leadership differs from management in that leadership is a combination of personal qualities and abilities whereas management is a process. Leaders are more likely to be effective when they use the management process to achieve goals. Managers are more effective when their actions demonstrate leadership qualities; thereby earning the respect and trust of those they manage (Hamilton, 1996). Styles of Leadership Transformational and Transactional leadership styles are two very different methods of leadership in the nursing profession. This paper will compare and contrast these two leadership styles and support that transformational leadership style encourages quality care, job fulfillment and improved patient outcomes. The traditional authoritarian style of leadership the top-down directive approach has largely been replaced with a more democratic and/or participative style, which involves such collaborative behaviors as consulting, discussing, cooperating, or negotiating. No one style is effective for all situations, however, so flexibility is important. For example, an authoritarian approach may be the most effective in dealing with acute situations when decisions must be made and implemented quickly. Rapid technological growth, increased diversity in the workforce, and growing complexity within organizations has led to changes in the way effective leadership is defined. Leadership researchers and theorists define good leadership as â€Å"future-oriented rather than present-oriented and as fostering followers’ commitment and ability to contribute creatively to organizations† (Eagly, 2007). Political scientist James McGregor Burns (1978) described this type of leadership as transformational leadership. Transformational leaders establish themselves as role models by gaining followers’ trust and confidence. They establish the organization’s goals, plan how to achieve the goals, and innovate. As Eagly (2007) explains, â€Å"Transformational leaders mentor and empower their subordinates and encourage them to develop their potential and thus to contribute more effectively to their organization. † Researchers also describe a more conservative type of leadership as transactional leadership, in which leaders establish exchange relationships with their frontline employees. After clarifying objectives and subordinates’ responsibilities, transactional leaders reward those who meet objectives and correct them when they fail to meet objectives. The word politics is a loaded term, heavy with images of shady characters in smoke-filled rooms, wheeling, dealing, and often stealing. But politics is really a neutral term. According to Policy and Politics for Nurses, â€Å"Politics means influencing, specifically, influences the allocation of scarce resources. Politics is a process by which one influences the decisions of others and exerts control over situations and events. It is a means to an end† (Mason et al. , 2002). Becoming influential is something that can be learned, and it has as much to do with attitude as with behavior. Both aspects are necessary (Sullivan, 2004). Becoming influential includes such skills as understanding power and how to use it, communicating effectively, understanding the political process, and dealing with difficult people and situations. Conclusion â€Å"Work hard, play by the rules, be nice, be polite, hold yourself accountable and you will get ahead. Our mothers were right, up to a point. Taking that advice, you do get ahead and your hard work is rewarded until you hit the glass ceiling. Or, as one physician called it, the â€Å"gauze ceiling. † Being the best at what you do is not enough to break through the gauze ceiling into positions of leadership. It’s not enough to have clinical skills; you need political skills as well. Leaders make a difference in their world by influencing others to support the leader’s vision or cause. To make a difference, you need political skills. Everything is political in the work environment, professional organization, community, and government. References Hamilton PM. (1996). Realities of Contemporary Nursing, 2nd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley. Eagley AH. (2007). Female leadership advantage and disadvantage: Resolving the contradictions. Psychology of Women Quarterly 31:1–12. Mason DJ, Leavitt JK, Chaffee MW. (2002). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. Sullivan EJ. (2004). Becoming Influential: A Guide for Nurses. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. How to cite Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing Armon Copeland Chamberlain, Essay examples

Strong Corporate Social Responsibility Serves - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Strong Corporate Social Responsibility Serves. Answer: Introduction: The National practices strong corporate social responsibility serves as the guidance to the policies on managing employee by the HR. They help in giving the employee equal opportunity that helps them to do the jobs providing opportunity to all the students, single parents and mature aged workers thereby helping them to sustain the jobs on the long term basis (Armstrong and Taylor 2014) .The Company shall devise plans so that the company is able to measure the performance of the employee and this is crucial for the development of the work force. The Human Resource Management plan which focuses on the managing of employee performances on the following points: In order to manage the employee performance, of the organization the HR plan strategies and policies for measuring and monitoring the plans. It helps in the improvement of the companys performance. The performance is measured in the form of excellence, and setting measures for improvement. This helps in making decisions regarding the compensation, training and promotions. The boarding and training programs will be designated so as to be in line with the corporate governance. The HR is someone who is a specialized trainer competent to recruit the personnel and run the business operation. They focus is on recruiting the local talent and to integrate the practices, system and procedures so as to meet the conditions. The HR helps in providing the role of maintaining the workforce. The HR helps in the training and development. It helps in the on job and specific skill development thereby helps in the better customer care, leadership skills and communication and time management (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). Employee involvement is all about making such an environment for the employee who is empowered so that they can take decisions regarding their jobs. The employees are managed so that they are empowered so that they can take actions for their jobs. In order to perfectly manage the employee, it is important that they can take decisions relevant to their jobs. It is important that the organization is able to retain the employees is creating an environment in which ownership and commitment and fosters an environment to make the employees motivated. The company shall also make performance appraisal in such a way so that there is systematic evaluation of an employees performance. These overriding purposes of the performance appraisal help improvement in motivation among the employees and thus increase their self-esteem. One of those tools used by the companies is the psychometric testing required for promotion decisions and individual development plans put in place .In some of the countries it is legally mandatory to screen the candidate during the selection process so that everyone gets the equal opportunity. Today the multinational recruit the people from different National, thereby focusing on psychological wellbeing, dominance, critical thinking and assertiveness (Messersmith and Wales 2013.). In order to retain the employees it is important that they get sufficient benefits and rewards beyond their salary. It is important to reward and motivate the candidate in addition to the salary so that all the candidates are motivated in giving their performance. Besides the remuneration it is the benefits and compensation given to the employees which shall be clearly coordinated by the HR and properly given to all the employees. The rewards include the commission, salaries, perks and rewards. The HR consultant sees that the business is able to maximize the budget by determining the particular positions to be filled up by the employees, and the particular function which can be outsourced. Thus the consultant is able to review the pay scale; they are also providing benefits to the fianc department (Shields et al. 2015). Stage 3 positions for manage employees performance In order to roll out the Singapore stores, The National practices strong corporate social responsibility has human resource management plan to on board Singaporean staff in their store. At the stage three level of managing the employees of store, they plan to recruit people as a part of their HRM plan so to enable them to do the work appropriately. They have applied the theory at the third stage to manage employee performance thereby they have given opportunity to all the people. They are able to gain advantage by giving employment to all the people including the students, single parents, and disabled and even to mature old aged people so that they can work by themselves. There are three positions for employment in this stage three, firstly, employment to the position of retail assistance is around one eighty people. Secondly for the position of checkout operators are around sixty people. Thirdly, the position for security and loss prevention officer is twelve. This will help in gett ing jobs to all the people in the oganization References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Messersmith, J.G. and Wales, W.J., 2013. Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management.International Small Business Journal,31(2), pp.115-136. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press.

Coun 501 Essay Example

Coun 501 Essay Research Paper: Ethical Dilemas in Counseling Liberty University Abstract Ethical dilemmas will be a constant as we embark into the field of counseling. Whenever human beings are involved there are a range of personality types, beliefs and characteristics that are involved. There are many views of counseling but it is very important to have a world view which captures the gamet of individuals. To be a professional counselor it is important to first know who you are, what your motivations are and morals. A counselor has many roles; they provide guidance, structure, spiritual guidance and counseling. The counselor has a huge respionsibility which includes making clear unbiased judgements, listening without persuading, acountability for the treatment of our clients and guiding without making decisions for them. In short, we are in control of the clients life for a brief or long period of time. We are there to guide the client but who’s guiding us as counselors? The American Association for Counselors is put in place as a code of conduct for the everyday counselor. It was put in place to outline the many moral issues that may come about in the counseling profession. We will write a custom essay sample on Coun 501 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coun 501 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coun 501 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Primarily based on scientific theory and the counselors respinsibility to the client. The American Association of Christian Counselors is s guideline for Christian Counselors put in place to outline the many moral issues that may come about but in contrast its primary focus is the counselor’s responsibility to God. To be a professional, effective counselor it is important to first know who you are, what your motivations are and morals. A counselor has many roles; they provide guidance, structure, spiritual guidance and counseling. A major component of counseling deals with the thinking patterns of the mind that directly leads to behavioral, emotional, spiritual, and relationship changes. A counselor must attempt to become familiar with a client to solve their problems while demonstrating a genuine concern and compassion for the client’s dilemmas. The counselor must be able to make individualized plans for dealing with each client separately, as every client will be different. In summary, the ultimate goal as a counselor is to help others understand themselves and heir existence so they both may reach their full potential. The Webster’s dictionary defines counseling as â€Å"professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods especially in collecting case history data, using various techniques of the personal interview, and testing interests and aptitudes†. The word counseling has multiple meanings, including offering advice and encouragement, sharing wisdom and skill s, setting goals, resolving conflict, etc. Counselors usually probe the past in an attempt to repair the present. A major part of counseling is resolving and restoring conflicts between people. A counselor has many responsibilities which include teaching, advocating, counseling the client, making clear unbiased judgments, listening without persuading, accountability for the treatment of our clients and guiding without making decisions for them. To be an effective counselor, the Counselor must first believe in the client’s ability to change, they must have the ability to empathize and listen; they also have to believe in themselves and methods and last but not least, believe in a â€Å"greater good† of mankind. Other characteristics of a â€Å"good counselor† would be tolerance for intimacy, comfort with power emotional insightfulness and energetic. Other personal qualities that would be helpful are problem centered, creative, flexible, ethical, stable, consistent, self awareness and the ability to control their own lives. There is also essential engaging listening because counseling proper involves speech. Therefore, the major issues surrounding counseling are about the worldviews that inform the conversation. The use of language is very important in counseling because almost all counseling is talk. There are many reasons why one may become a counselor. Some of the main reason being; excitement and satisfaction for helping people change, opportunity for evaluating one’s own life, desire to nurture others, or even joy of seeing others become in control of their lives vs. â€Å"victims†. This job is not for everyone; for instance a person with anger, unresolved issues and habitual relationship conflicts may not fit the role of a â€Å"good counselor†. A counselor would be one with inner peace, spirituality, unselfishness, and stable Frank Parson is considered to be the â€Å"father of counseling†. In the early 1900’s this profession was introduced. It was primarily a â€Å"vocational† development profession that assisted in employment assistance and employment education. It slowly evolved with the help of Carl Rogers and other theorists as a more humanitarian side was explored. Most Counselors were school counselors, teachers and seen as disciplinarians. In the 1970’s the first mental health counselors emerged. In 1989 twenty two states recognized mental health counselors and by 2003 forty eight states recognized the field. From this phenomenon came specialized fields of counseling: marriage and family counseling, psychiatry, clinical psychology, counseling psychology and clinical social work. In the year 2000 on, a new emphasis was on â€Å"counselors dealing with crises†. Trauma and tragedies emerged with heightened violence in the schools and terrorist attacks. Following the growth of counselors came professional organizations in support of this human service field like the American Counseling association, the American Mental Health Counseling Association and the American Association of Christian Counselors. These organizations gave birth to licensure requirements and ethical guidelines to hold the counselors job at a higher standard and to hold the counselor’s accountable for their work. The term Ethics is used to refer to â€Å"standards of conduct that indicate how a person should behave based on moral duties and virtues, which are derived from principles of right and wrong†. Ethics; also known as morality philosophy addresses human morality and issues like how moral values are determined, how a moral outcome can be achieved in specific situations, how moral capacity or moral agency develops and what its nature is , and what moral values people actually abide by. Christian counseling and psychological counseling has its’ comparisons but distinct differences. The goals and motivations of both branches of counseling are also different Christian counseling has many goals, but the primary goal is to help you develop a inherent love for God and people around you. Some Christian counselors believe that the integration of secular psychology and The Bible is a rejection of the Bibles claim to be â€Å"sufficient for us†. Believing this approach to counseling only leads to confusion by blurring the lines between human behavior modification and genuine spiritual sanctity. The Christian counselor’s purpose is to not only help us feel better or find happiness, but to help us grow spiritually for service in God. The Christian counselor also believes that counseling has to be practiced by a person who has a healthy awareness of his own emotions. Christian counselors have to feel appropriate feelings and know when their emotions are over bearing in a given situation. They have to be in touch to what others are feeling and know how to empathize and be sympathetic. Another goal of Christian counseling is to help us face the numerous challenges of life in a way that will always please and glorify the Lord Jesus Christ. The Bible is the counselors main tool. The Holy Spirit gives gifts to the counselor to guide and give hope through the Scripture. Prayer and dependence upon God are essential parts of Christian counseling. Christian counselors have resources for helping you that others do not have; resources that are unique and sufficient. Christian counseling recognizes the importance of the past, the present, and the future in your life. Both walking with God in this life and knowing â€Å"Him†, God in eternity is the Christian counselor’s concern. Using the Scripture in Christian counseling is important and requires understanding your problems from a biblical perspective and then applying steps to biblical solutions to those problems. It will help us get through some of our ethical dilemmas by trusting in a higher power to resolve issues and break down barriers while working with our clients. The counselors who serve in the Christian Counseling know how to bring the Word of God to bear on sinful and hopeless situations. Teaching that hope can be found and change can be accomplished as the Word of God is spoken in the power and working of the Holy Spirit. The Scriptures of both the Old and the New Testaments addresses all the issues facing a person in life. In Christian counseling change takes place first in your heart and mind. Your thinking must be brought into alignment with the Word of God. Biblical counseling focuses on a genuine change of heart not just a change of circumstances or behavior . The Christian counselor believes that Holy Spirit works to sanctify or change the problem in your life . God can change your thinking and behaviors bringing you into complete conformity to Christ. The Christian counselor teaches that as a believer in Christ you have the ability and to glorify God and to live pleasing to Him. Counseling, when blessed by the Holy Spirit, helps you to become pure in heart, to have a peaceful conscience, and to trust God making for a better counselor and a better relationship with him. Christian counseling involves an approach where we have to identify the problem, identify the biblical principle that applies and apply the principle to the problem. The ultimate goal is for an individual to grow closer to God. Understanding the nature and causes of our conflictswill include understanding ways in which stray from the cross in our values, desire, thought, attitudes, actions and choices. Resolving those conflicts, or sin will lead to redemption through Christ. The bible references many Christian counseling principles and characteristics; very similar to the characteristics and principles outlined in the course. The Christian counselor has to be central to God; centered (1 Corinthians 10:31) â€Å"So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God†. The Christian counselor will treat God as central to all of life’s interactions without minimizing the influence of God or treating him as irrelevant or unnecessary; it directly ties all issues to God. All counseling issues are related to God at all levels, and counseling that tries to lead toward healing without dealing with God isn’t helpful. The Christian counselor must also exalt God; exalt (John 16:14) â€Å"How be it when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will show you things to come†. There is no true gratification in counseling if a person becomes functional or reaches their goals without becoming spiritually filled in Jesus Christ because it will not be long lasting. A person will not reach complete self awareness without understanding the condition we would be in without the cross, and without feeling the joy of deliverance. When one is not dependent on the spirit, the counselor knows and knows that it is worthless to attempt to counsel without consulting with the spirit; spirit dependent (Romans 8:13) â€Å"for if you are living according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live†. According to the scripture, the counselor must also be emotionally in touch as stated earlier;(Deuteronomy 32:2) â€Å"Let my teaching fall like rain and my words descend like dew, like showers on new grass, like abundant rain on tender plants†. Self-efficacy and motivation is also important in counseling. Self efficacy is defined as â€Å"self-perceived† ability to successfully complete or perform a particular task. Motivation is directly related to self-efficacy in that if someone perceives themselves as able to handle a situation (high self-efficacy); they will be more motivated to work hard at successfully handling the situation. Someone who has low self-efficacy, or self esteem they will not be very motivated to engage in the task because they fear failure. Secular counseling was created from humanism, and seeks to help a person adjust in difficult and times in their lives. The process may include client education, behavioral techniques, and cognitive restructuring. The result will most likely be some type of adaptation that provides symptom relief. In secular counseling, the problem is often the main focus. With Christian counseling, God remains the focus; one important goal is helping the person to grow a rich and accurate view of God1 specific to that person’s life. This form of counseling, (secular) is big on the person independently finding their way to self awareness through inner qualities. It is opposite of Christian counseling because it doesn’t stress the reliance on Christ of the Holy Spirit. If a client has negative self-views and low expectations in their ability to handle stressful situations, this client will be unmotivated and frustrated not only in therapy to achieve therapeutic change, but also in everyday situations. The Counselor believes that it would be the therapist’s goal to help the client raise their self-view to achieve certain degree of self efficacy to handle stressful and challenging situations. Motivation would then increase directly with more positive self esteem , promoting the client’s belief in themselves and abilities. The counselor focuses on wellness and personal growth and work on helping people to enhance the quality of their relationships. Many clients are in search of meaning and direction in numerous life settings;school, family, and career all of which involve relationships. Empowerment in secular counseling comes through thinking clearly and making wise choices. Unfortunately, problems can become so overwhelming it is difficult to accomplish either one of these without a higher power. The â€Å"secular† counselor will equip individuals with life strategies to help them think, feel, and act differently in order to enhance the quality of your life without God or the spirit. This class has taught me the importance of self awareness, stability in my own life and learning the bible in order to become an effective Christian counselor. The job of counseling involves a great deal of responsibility, patience and education. Since there are so many different versions of therapy and counseling its important for people who consider their faith to be a big part of their lives to feel comfortable with the counselor. Christians seeking therapy will probably have a difficult time with the methods of secular counselors, especially if their advice goes against the principals taught in the Bible. In a world filled with so many challenges and opportunities, Chrisitan counseling is a choice for individuals, couples, and families who wish to grow to the next level of faith and well-being. People from all walks of life will be able to learn the benefits of becoming closer to God and learn how to walk by faith in the Glory of God. It is open to everyone of all races, beliefs and views and it is our job to offer mankind a closer relationship with Godd and to show them God. A big issue that is up for great surfacing in the US is the â€Å"homosexual† community. Do we allow openness on campuses, do we allow people of the same sex to marry, to adopt, to join the military. Among college campuses the homosexual population is growing and there are many people afraid to address the issues of the homosexual community or even acknowledge the group. Vermont is the only state on the verge of allowing the union between gay and lesbian couples. In the rest of the country there is great opposition to same sex marriage. Other gay rights measures are gaining support despite copposition from the conservatives. Eleven states and 124 municipalities have anti discrimination legislation and some school districtcs allowed high school students to form gay-straight alliance clubs. On the military front, the Defense Department is working towards a decline of anti gay harassment but still they defend the don’t ask don’t tell policy. Democrat Al Gore backs anti gay rights measures openly and Georg Bush opposed these measures while in office. Opposition refers to causes that goes against the granting of certain rights and privileges to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people that are typically granted to heterosexual people. Such opposition can be motivated by religious belief, political ideology, and homophobia. The rights and privileges that are opposed are those that do not conform to a heterosexual perspective and include government recognition of rights to civil unions or partnerships, adoption by same-sex couples, access to assisted reproductive technology and access to sex reassignment surgery. People who do not identify with their biological sex are a small group of the population, but the issues they post for law medicine and society are significant. Trans gendered people say they experience wide spread discrimination in employment, housing and other areas. Transgender people are often targeted for hate violence based on their non-conformity with gender norms and/or their perceived sexual orientation. Hate crimes against transgender people tend to be particularly violent. Our best estimates indicate that one out of every 1,000 homicides in the U. S. is an anti-transgender hate crime. This estimation is based on data collected by the national organizers of the Transgender Day of Remembrance and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Organizers of the Transgender Day of Remembrance track the number of transgender people killed each year in hate-based attacks using media articles, community reports and other publically available data. They estimate that at least 15 transgender people are killed each year in hate-based attacks, although we believe the number to be higher based on transgender people’s common fear of going to the police and widespread misreporting. The Federal Bureau of Investigation estimates approximately 14,000 homicides in the country each year. Based on these figures, we can conclude that approximately one out of every 1000 homicides in the U. S. is an anti-transgender hate-based crime. Discrimination rooted in prejudice is a refusal to allow a person of a particular race, religion or sexual orientation to participate in our existing institutions or enjoy the same activities others do. The Bible references homosexuality and same sex relations numerous times; â€Å"If a man lies with a man as one lies with a woman, both of them have done what is detestable. They must be put to death; their blood will be on their own heads. (Leviticus 20:13) and â€Å"Because of this, God gave them over to shameful lusts. Even their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural ones. In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their perversion†. (Romans 1:26-27). People use B iblical references to justify the maltreatment of certain groups and to cast it out as sin; a practice that has been going on for centuries. Biblical ignorance is an epidemic in the United States. Over the centuries people who misinterpreted the Bible have done bad things justifying it with verses from the Bible. The Bible has been misused to justify hateful crusades throughout history; to support slavery, apartheid, and segregation; to persecute Jews and other non-Christian people of faith; to support the Holocaust; to oppose medical science; to condemn interracial marriage; to execute women as witches; and to support the Ku Klux Klan. Shakespeare said it this way: Even the devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. We’d like to believe that no one of good will would misuse the Bible to support his or her prejudice. But time and time again it has happened with tragic results. Even when we believe the Scriptures are written without error or we take it verbatim its terribly dangerous to think that our understanding of every biblical text is also without error. We are human and we can misunderstand and misinterpret the ancient words of the bible, often with tragic results. On the night he was betrayed, Jesus told his disciples he was going away from them for a while, but that the Father would send them a Comforter, an Advocate, the Holy Spirit who would teach them all things. Christian counselors have a big job to incorporate secular counseling into world view counseling and to tackle these big issues that most people are afraid to tackle. No matter what interpretation one believes Jesus is clear about one thing; love of all humanity. As we search for truth, we are to love one another. The message of God is Love. This is my commandment, Jesus said, that you love one another, as I have loved you. O n this the Bible is very clear. Even if we disagree about what the Bible says about homosexuality or anything for that matter, we can agree that we are commanded by the Scriptures to love God and to love one another. Since God is the God of truth, since Jesus himself told us that the truth would set us free.

Definition of the Term LD50

Definition of the Term LD50 Definition: The median lethal dose of a substance, or the amount required to kill 50% of a given test population. LD50 is a measurement used in toxicology studies to determine the potential impact of toxic substances on different types of organisms. It provides an objective measure to compare and rank the toxicity of substances. The LD50 measurement is usually expressed as the amount of toxin per kilogram or pound of body weight. When comparing LD50 values, a lower value is regarded as more toxic, as it means a smaller amount of the toxin is required to cause death. The LD50 test involves exposing a population of test animals, typically mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, or even larger animals such as dogs, to the toxin in question. The toxins might be introduced orally, through injection, or inhaled. Because this testing kills a large sample of the animals, it is now being phased out in the United States and some other countries in favor of newer, less lethal methods. Pesticide studies involve LD50 testing, usually on rats or mice and on dogs. Insect and spider venoms can also be compared using LD50 measurements, to determine which venoms are the most deadly to a given population of organisms. Â   Examples: LD50 values of insect venom for mice: Honey bee, Apis mellifera - LD50 2.8 mg per kg of body weightYellowjacket, Vespula squamosa - LD50 3.5 mg per kg of body weight Reference: W.L. Meyer. 1996. Most Toxic Insect Venom. Chapter 23 in University of Florida Book of Insect Records, 2001. http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/.

Sociology can be a potent tool for the emancipatory youth worker Essay

Sociology can be a potent tool for the emancipatory youth worker discuss - Essay Example "It is never localized here or there, never in anybody's hands, never appropriated as a commodity or piece f wealth" (1980a, p. 98). Although discourse and practice pre-exist us, we learn to harness them to our own end. The notion f power being located within rules and regulations which are continually adopted and transformed by individual agents is central to Giddens' structuration theory f power (1984,p. 14). Foucault is known for his work analyzing changes in the discourse and practice f discipline and punishment, particularly in relation to education (1977a) but, with the exception f Dwyer's (1995) study f post-compulsory education in Australia, his theories have not had any major impact in adult education (Westwood, 1992). To understand the notion f empowerment and emancipation, we must begin with an analysis f power. This leads immediately to a fundamental problem: If power dictates or produces truth, how do we recognize true statements about power More fundamentally, is truth possible beyond power We may believe, with Habermas, that there is a realm f truth which exists beyond power and which is central to authentic human being, communication, and voluntary social order. Habermas (1984) argues that the "orientation to reaching understanding" is a universal feature f human communication which is central to overcoming self-interest and the domination f economic and political power in our lives (p. 286). This is also the fundamental assumption underlying Mezirow's (1994; 1995) theory f adult learning. Foucault, however, insists that there is no truth without power (1980a, p. 131). It is in and through power that what is known, what is said, what is taken for granted, and what is regarded as the truth a re constituted. The tensions between these two positions are central to the following discussion. It is argued that for people to become emancipated it is important first to be able to distinguish social action deriving from power as opposed to, for example, love and affection. It is also important to distinguish different types f power. This is something which is missing in Mezirow's work. Within a Habermasian framework, understanding how power works is crucial if people are to prevent the colonization and technization f the lifeworld by power and money and develop a society based on free, undistorted communication (Habermas, 1987, p. 183). It is argued here, that for emancipatory learning to reach its full potential, there is a need to go beyond an analytical realist typology f power to a Foucauldian structuralist analysis which helps people understand how they are limited and controlled by discourses and practices (Honneth, 1993; Kelly, 1994). The central tenet f this paper is that empowerment involves people developing capacities to act successfully within the existing system and structures f power, while emancipation concerns critically analyzing, resisting and challenging structures f power. The first section begins with an analysis f empowerment. Empowerment used to be associated with a wide variety f radical social movements (Bookman, 1988; Davis, 1988; Hanks, 1987; Inglis, 1994; Kieffer, 1984; O'Sullivan, 1993; Solomon, 1976; Villerreal, 1988). In more recent years, however, it has been appropriated by organizational

Analyze the reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analyze the reading - Essay Example However, as the natural law demands that each individual respect each other’s space and choices, it is also the requirement of the law that the choice individuals must be within acceptable limits that adhere to ethical and moral expectations. Given the application of the natural law, this analysis paper takes into consideration the theories of blind obedience, antislavery theory, moral truth, natural law ethical theory, and the double effect principle. One exclusion criterion in this paper involves the separation of ethics, morals, and religion. The analysis is philosophical and does not consider ethics and morals as part of religious expectations when considering natural law. In the target text, Second Treatise on Government, the author is observed arguing that the fact that the natural law exists, it is not upon the duty of anyone to be authoritative over one another. Arguing from the creation story from the Holy Bible, the author points that God is the creator of all the universe and controls how humans relate and therefore it not under anyone’s responsibility that humans have to behave in a specific manner dictated by laws and authority. However, when considering the evolution of human ethics and morals, governance developments take into consideration the author’s points that authorities include entities that have the authority and capability of punishing others if found on the wrong side of the law. Law in this case is not natural but takes into consideration the natural law. Since natural law considers everyone equal and having the right to live without being disturbed, the civil law on the other hand aims at controlling how people or members of the society interact with each other as well as punishing those who take the natural law’s rights form others. With the possibility of imprisonment, execution, and hard labor; it is the order of the authorities through constituted law to